1.阅读理解

"Given that signs of Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆症) start to accumulate in the brain several decades before the disease begins, understanding the connection between sleep and cognition (认知) earlier in life is critical for understanding the role of sleep problems as a risk factor for the disease," said study author Yue Leng, PhD, of the University of California, San Francisco.

The study involved 526 people with an average age of 40. They were followed for 11 years. Researchers looked at participants' sleep duration and quality. Participants wore a wrist activity monitor for three continuous days on two occasions approximately one year apart to calculate their averages. Participants slept for an average of six hours. Participants also reported bedtime and wake-up time in a sleep diary and completed a sleep quality survey with scores ranging from 0 to 21. A total of 239 people reported poor sleep with a score greater than five.

Researchers also looked at sleep fragmentation (碎片化), a measure of restlessness during the sleep period expressed as a percentage. The higher the value, the more sleep is interrupted. Participants were divided into three groups based on their sleep fragmentation score. Of the 175 people with the most interrupted sleep, 44 had poor cognitive performance 10 years later, compared to 10 of the 176 people with the least interrupted sleep.

After adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, people who had the most interrupted sleep had more than twice the possibility of having poor cognitive performance when compared to those with the least interrupted sleep. There was no difference in cognitive performance at midlife for those in the middle group compared to the group with the least interrupted sleep.

However, due to the small sample size, the researchers were unable to fully investigate potential race or sex differences. "More research is needed to assess the link between sleep disturbances and cognition at different life stages and to identify if critical life periods exist when sleep is more strongly associated with cognition," Leng said.

(1) What do we know about Yue Leng's study? A. Data collection was an easy process. B. It aimed to find a cure for Alzheimer's. C. The results were far from satisfactory. D. Higher scores mean poorer sleep quality.
(2) What can we learn about sleep fragmentation in the study? A. It did require outside intervention. B. It included a series of memory tests. C. It measured short interruptions of sleep. D. It determined those participants' groups.
(3) What do the findings indicate according to the text? A. The quality of sleep may affect cognitive health. B. Keeping a sleep diary can improve one's sleep quality. C. People sleeping well won't suffer from Alzheimer's disease. D. People with interrupted sleep won't have memory problems.
(4) What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The major limitation of the study. B. An explanation of the research method. C. A possible reason for the study findings. D. The use of careful investigations in real life.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 段落大意; 说明文; 科普类;
【答案】

您现在未登录,无法查看试题答案与解析。 登录
阅读理解 未知 普通
能力提升
真题演练
换一批
1.阅读理解

Nobody needs reminding that exercise is good for our physical health, but we may need reminding that it needs to be done in the right way.

Light exercise is a great way to improve circulation (循环) and keep our muscles active, especially if the rest of the day will be spent sitting in front of a computer or in a lecture hall. However, certain sports like long distance running require training to build up our bodies so we can handle the challenge. If we go into such sport cold, it can shock our muscles, hearts, lungs, and other organs and cause severe pain or in some cases, even death.

Some people are born with medical conditions that go unnoticed until they stress the unstable part of their body. A weak heart may never be seen until we do something that causes extreme physical effort. Recently there have been cases of people dying while running long distances. Also, a university student died after taking a 1, 000 m running exam. Some universities and high schools have cut long distance races (i. e. 3, 000 m, 5, 000 m) from their campus sports games, partly because of the potential danger and partly because they say fewer people are entering such events.

Maybe education about such events is lacking, especially during primary and high school. People participating in such competitions should realise that a reasonable amount of training is required beforehand and having a medical check is wise, especially for a marathon. People shouldn't be forced to participate in events that push them past their limits, especially if they haven't warmed up completely. Cancelling events could lead to people becoming less healthy and overweight. Maybe these events shouldn't be cancelled, but organisers and participants should be more careful about regular health examination.

(1) Why does the author write the text? A. To persuade us to take less sports. B. To give us some tips on exercise. C. To advise students to have regular exercise. D. To require cancelling long distance running.
(2) What does the underlined word" cold" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Having trained a lot. B. Without any preparation. C. Having a low temperature. D. In an unfriendly way.
(3) Why do some universities and high schools cancel long distance races? A. Because no students are willing to enter such events. B. Because the students' physical conditions are too poor. C. Because long distance running is not fit for students. D. Because they worry about the potential danger in such races.
(4) What does the author advise us to do before running a marathon? A. Have a medical check and warm-up exercises. B. Push ourselves past our limits. C. Participate in it confidently. D. Try to lose some weight first.
阅读理解 常考题 普通
2.阅读短文,回答问题

If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you'd better check the Durban City Tours! This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today.

There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right? City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want!

Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food. You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets. Tourists and even the local villagers just can't get enough of these treats!

However, it is important that you make the necessary arrangements. There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban. But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, then you'd better settle for the Street Scene Tours. Their staff are all welltrained and professional. They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one. No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours.

(1) The underlined word “strained” in Paragraph 2 means “________”. A. easy B. stressful C. steady D. casual
(2) What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Durban is a relaxing city. B. People don't like city life. C. It is good to have a place to relax. D. One can have fun riding elephants.
(3) What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 show? A. The food can't satisfy them. B. They are bored with the streets. C. They are treated very well here. D. They never get tired of the sights.
(4) The author wrote the last paragraph mainly to ________. A. attract tourists to Durban B. help readers make arrangements C. introduce the tour guides in Durban D. persuade tourists to choose the Street Scene Tours
阅读理解 常考题 普通
3.阅读理解

With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9:00 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pajama's(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.

All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule of sleep.

This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" —— the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls, this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.

(1) What does the author stress in Paragraph 1? A. Many students are absent from class. B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings. C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.
(2) Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. B. Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems. C. One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. D. Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.
(3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "classified"? A. Criticized B. Grouped C. Organized D. Named
(4) What does the text mainly talk about? A. Functions of the body clock. B. The "night owl" phenomenon. C. Human beings' sleep behaviour. D. The school schedule of "early birds".
阅读理解 常考题 普通