阅读理解"So, Mr. Albert, you've told us about your strengths but what about your weaknesses?" It's a common interview question. To which a classic humblebrag (谦虚自夸) reply is, "Well. I must admit that I'm a bit of a perfectionist." After all, what company wouldn't want to employ somebody who seeks perfection? But it turns out that there is a profound difference between high-achievers and perfectionists. In a cruel irony, the perfectionist traits could actually prevent someone from achieving their full potential.The roots of perfectionism actually lie in a deep desire to feel perfect. Most often a perfectionist personality is formed in reaction to some form of childhood trauma. For example, following her parents' divorce, a young girl might strive to always be good, to always be perfect because at some level she believes that it must have been her fault that her parents separated. So as long as she is perfect, nothing so terrible would happen again. Given such origins, it appears that the thinking and emotional styles associated with perfectionism are particularly dangerous to mental health. Think of the harshest and merciless perfectionists you know. They always, always, always find fault. Their cognitive (认知) styles include all-or-nothing thinking, where only perfection is seen as an acceptable result; fear of failure, where a perfectionist is driven by fear rather than pulled by the prospect of success in their endeavors; defensiveness in the face of constructive criticism. All of these seem to be linked to a wide range of psychological problems including eating disorders, anxiety and depression, and even suicide. Changing this mindset is the key to treating the condition when it becomes a disorder but it is difficult to achieve. Perfectionists are essentially in an abusive relationship with themselves. It's hard enough to withdraw from abusive relationships with others. How much harder is it when you yourself are the abuser? So perhaps a better answer to the interview question posed at the start of this article would be, "I used to be a perfectionist but now I'm well on the road to recovery."

1. 阅读理解

"So, Mr. Albert, you've told us about your strengths but what about your weaknesses?" It's a common interview question. To which a classic humblebrag (谦虚自夸) reply is, "Well. I must admit that I'm a bit of a perfectionist." After all, what company wouldn't want to employ somebody who seeks perfection? But it turns out that there is a profound difference between high-achievers and perfectionists. In a cruel irony, the perfectionist traits could actually prevent someone from achieving their full potential.

The roots of perfectionism actually lie in a deep desire to feel perfect. Most often a perfectionist personality is formed in reaction to some form of childhood trauma. For example, following her parents' divorce, a young girl might strive to always be good, to always be perfect because at some level she believes that it must have been her fault that her parents separated. So as long as she is perfect, nothing so terrible would happen again.

Given such origins, it appears that the thinking and emotional styles associated with perfectionism are particularly dangerous to mental health. Think of the harshest and merciless perfectionists you know. They always, always, always find fault. Their cognitive (认知) styles include all-or-nothing thinking, where only perfection is seen as an acceptable result; fear of failure, where a perfectionist is driven by fear rather than pulled by the prospect of success in their endeavors; defensiveness in the face of constructive criticism. All of these seem to be linked to a wide range of psychological problems including eating disorders, anxiety and depression, and even suicide.

Changing this mindset is the key to treating the condition when it becomes a disorder but it is difficult to achieve. Perfectionists are essentially in an abusive relationship with themselves. It's hard enough to withdraw from abusive relationships with others. How much harder is it when you yourself are the abuser? So perhaps a better answer to the interview question posed at the start of this article would be, "I used to be a perfectionist but now I'm well on the road to recovery."

(1) Why does the author mention the interview question in paragraph 1? A. To provide an example. B. To introduce the topic. C. To support the argument. D. To attract the readers' interest.

(2) Who will most probably become a perfectionist? A. A high- achiever. B. A person who always finds fault. C. An overconfident man. D. A son of a violent alcoholic father.

(3) What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Perfectionism often has three different types. B. Perfectionism has a bad effect on physical health. C. Perfectionism is caused by high personal standard. D. Perfectionism is a risk factor for psychological disorders.

(4) What does the author think of perfectionism? A. It's hard for people to get rid of it. B. It drives people to achieve success. C. It's more of a strength than a weakness. D. It inevitably leads to mental problems.

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阅读理解未知困难

1.阅读理解

The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three-times the amount of climate-warming methane than government estimates show, according to a new study from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations in Nature. Methane (甲烷) is the main component of natural gas and among the greenhouse gases heating the planet, which is produced when extracting crude oil.

Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common. "These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil," says Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn't a. way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.

In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and there, very little of the methane was wasted. That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane. They say drillers have the incentive to capture gas leaks so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that's not always possible, if industry hasn't built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.

"Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high," said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization's Global Methane Tracker shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.

Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals. "2024 could mark a turning point and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down," Gould said. Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a reduction in methane emissions, next year.

(1) What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Various measures are taken to restrict the release of methane. B. The low value of the gas in part leads to the high leak of the methane. C. The more focused on the production of the gas, the higher the methane release D. The percentage of methane in developing countries is higher than in developed countries

(2) What does the underlined word "incentive" in paragraph 3 mean? A. Equipment. B. Productivity. C. Drive. D. Assessment.

(3) Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Caution: Methane emission gives rise to serious global warming. B. Methane emissions: Oil and gas industry's hidden impact. C. Measures taken to cut back on methane emissions. D. Methane is to blame for the climate change.

(4) What is Tim Gould's attitude toward emissions of methane at present? A. Critical. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic.

阅读理解未知普通

2.阅读下列短文, 从每题所给A, B, C, D选项中, 选出最佳选项。

In recent years, labels have increasingly been used by the food industry. Whether "non-GMO（转基因）"or"zero trans fat","no added hormones" or"sugar-free", consumers are demanding more information about what's in their food.

A report by Nielsen found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers' demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well.

On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called "absence claims" labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt's put a "non-GMO" label on its tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that, at the time, there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers' trust.

Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers' minds: Should I have ever been eating these foods in the first place? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to me?

For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers' trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. And this isn't just supposition. A recent study by a group of academics at the University of Delaware found that "absence claims" labels can stigmatize(污名化)food produced with conventional processes even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm.

In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, it sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and, ultimately, more costly food products. Therefore, it's clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using "absence claims" as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us.

(1) What is food manufacturers' new marketing strategy? A. Handing out free samples for consumers to taste. B. Using creative wrappers to catch customers' eyes. C. Attracting consumers by labelling "absence claims". D. Offering more detailed goods information to customers.

(2) What does the author intend to indicate by mentioning Hunt's? A. The Hunt's takes a lead in the food-marketing strategy. B. Products without "non-GMO" labels are usually unhealthy. C. Consumers tend to purchase products with "absence claims" labels. D. The "absence claims" labels will have negative effects on consumers.

(3) What impact does the new marketing strategy have on food manufacturers? A. It will increase the cost of food processing. B. It will help remove the stigma of their brand. C. It will cut down the sales of their food products. D. It will damage the trust of their cooperative partners.

(4) What does the author advise food manufacturers to do? A. Increase food choices for consumers. B. Use "absence claims" labels cautiously. C. Improve the efficiency of food production. D. Innovate the processing methods of food products.

阅读理解未知困难

3.阅读理解

A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.

Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: "There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about."

What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.

Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.

(1) Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A. To explain the use of a software program. B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.

(2) What does the underlined word "wrinkles" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.

(3) What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning. C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.

(4) What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.

阅读理解真题普通