1.阅读理解

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" (but quite cat able) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes," if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. "

If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807, 500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted infields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat." Curtin says.

(1) What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. we waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
(2) What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
(3) What does Curtin's company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
(4) What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 社会现象类;
【答案】

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1.阅读短文,回答问题

A bat and a ball cost $1. 10 in total. The bat costs $1. 00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?

If you answered 10 cents, you're not alone—most people give the same answer (the correct answer is 5 cents). It's an example of how we often rely on intuitive (直觉的) responses—answers we feel are true. People give answers that "pop into their mind, " says Steven Sloman. We don't spend much time "reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong."

The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake news. It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman. But "the trick with fake news is to know to verify" — in other words, to stop and question what you know. In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain. They told a group of volunteers about it, but admitted they could not fully explain what it was. They then asked the volunteers to rate their own understanding of helium rain. Most volunteers rated themselves 1 out of 7, meaning they did not understand the concept.

The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery. This time, they said that scientists could fully explain how it works. When asked to rate their understanding, the volunteers gave an average answer of 2. The scientists' confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding, Sloman says.

According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion(传染病). This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics. "If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is dishonest, " Sloman says, "then you're going to start thinking that you understand, too. "

Another explanation for the spread of fake news is "motivated reasoning, " writes Adam Wyatz, an American management professor, "we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions. "

So in a world where misleading information is common, training people to care about fact-checking is important, especially in online communities. "We should check things and not just take them at face value," Sloman says. "Verify before you believe. "

(1) Why does the author use the example of the bat and ball question? A. To warn that people often ignore skills that they learned. B. To show that there are various answers to a question. C. To arouse people's interest in playing guessing games. D. To illustrate that people tend to rush to a conclusion.
(2) In paragraph 3, what does the underlined word "verify" mean? A. To express an opinion about something. B. To make sure something is true. C. To think about something for a long time. D. To follow your intuitive response.
(3) When do more volunteers claim to understand helium rain? A. When Sloman and his colleagues showed them how it works. B. When they have more confidence in themselves. C. When they believed that scientists understood it. D. When some of the volunteers explained it to them.
(4) Which of the following is an example of "motivated reasoning"? A. You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story. B. You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you say so. C. You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media. D. You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2. 阅读理解

Humans spend approximately one-third of their lives sleeping, which means that by the time you reach 15 years old, you will have slept for about 5 years! However, the question remains: why do we do it? Sleep has long been a puzzle for people, leading scientists to explore its mysteries. They have found that during sleep, our brains and bodies do not simply shut down; instead, complex processes unfold.

What causes sleepiness? It's caused by our biological clock releasing a special chemical signal at the same time daily, signaling it''s time to wind down. The feeling of heaviness comes from the buildup of old nerve messenger chemicals. When the message gets too much, the brain senses that it's time to sleep. During sleep, the body breaks down and clears away these old messengers, preparing for a fresh start.

As you slip into sleep, your heart and breathing slow down, and your brain ignores the most sounds and surroundings around you. Despite appearances, your brain remains active during sleep, performing essential tasks. Throughout the night, you cycle through light, deep, and REM(rapid eye movement) sleep stages every 90 minutes. Early on, slow-wave sleep is the primary stage, aiding in brain cleaning, while towards morning,REM sleep increases, leading to vivid dreams.         During sleep, your body repairs and grows, creating new skin, muscle, and other tissues with released chemicals. It's also a time for hormone(荷尔蒙)production, aiding growth, and boosting the immune(免疫)system to fight infections.

Scientists still have many questions about sleep, such as why some people need more sleep than others and how certain animals can function with less sleep. They aim to find ways to improve sleep quality. However, one thing is clear: getting enough sleep is vital for health and intelligence. Think of sleep as a free magic potion that strengthens you, aids growth, boosts immunity, and enhances intelligence, happiness, and creativity. Simply lie down and rest to enjoy these benefits.

(1) What inference can be drawn from scientists'findings about sleep? A. Sleep serves no purpose. B. Sleep has fundamental processes, C. Sleep involves complex processes. D. Sleep has minimal impact on brain function.
(2) What is the primary function of the body 's "biological clock"? A. Determining the best time for sleep. B. Controlling chemicals within the body. C. Managing eating and digestion patterns. D. Regulating daytime and nighttime activities.
(3) What is the main focus of the third paragraph? birh-yno vist8mxonq A. Describing the different stages and functions of sleep. B. Discussing the benefits of daytime activities for overall health. C. Exploring the effects of inadequate sleep on the body and mind. D. Analyzing the impact of stress on the immune system during sleep.
(4) Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage? A. Narrative of personal sleep experiences. B. Comparison of human and animal sleep patterns. C. Imaginary stories illustrating the advantages of sleep. D. Explanation of sleep importance, with body processes described.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

If you are looking for an amazing real-life castle, here are some good options for you.

Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany

The beauty of Neuschwanstein, perched high on a hill in southwest Bavaria, inspired one of America's most famous castles: Disneyland's famed Sleeping Beauty castle. The slender spires and towering roofs are impressive, but nothing compared to the brilliantly decorated interiors. Windsor Castle, England

This castle in the historic market town of Windsor that has been the family home to kings and queens for over 1, 000 years. The castle is the largest and oldest occupied castle in the world. Guests are welcome to tour year-round. When the Royal Standard flag is flying from the castle's Round Tower, the queen is home.

Eltz Castle. Germany

Medieval Eltz Castle, located in Wirestem of western Germany. was built in the 12th century and is named for the family that still owns it today. Surrounded by forest, it was erected on a 230-foot rock and features eight towers that sit 115 feet in the sky. Inside, the castle still includes many of its original furnishings.

Bran Castle. Romania

Some people call Bran Castle, located southwest of Brasov. Romania, by another name: Dracula's Castle. It's just one of many castles linked to that vampire (吸血鬼) legend, but its dramatic architecture built on a steep cliff helps it fill the part, and the castle does not shy away from the legend.

(1) What do we know about Neuschwanstein Castle? A. It is the highest castle in the world. B. It is the blueprint of Sleeping Beauty castle. C. It inspired a Disney movie. D. It is plainly decorated inside.
(2) Which of the following about Windsor Castle is true? A. It is open throughout the year. B. It has a history of less than 1000 years. C. The royal family don't live there any longer. D. You can see the queen whenever you go there.
(3) What do the last two castles have in common? A. They are related to vampire tales. B. They have special goods for sale. C. They are both located on rocks. D. They were built in the 12" century.
阅读理解 常考题 普通