1.阅读理解

There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.

Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.

Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.

Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.

Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."

These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.

(1) To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A. narrow his range of knowledge B. avoid responsibilities at work C. know more about the society D. broaden his perspective on life
(2) The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the world C. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people
(3) According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A. is fully aware of his talent and ability B. is a pure specialist in medicine C. should love poetry and philosophy D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
(4) What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
(5) What could be the best title for the passage? A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D. Ways to Become a Generalist
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 学习教育类; 标题选择;
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1. 阅读理解

Imagine you're standing in line to buy a snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next , you have to pay, but instead of scanning a QR Code(二维码) with your smart phone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your car.

Now, this type of technology might not be fa r away. As technology companies move away from the traditional password, biometric(生物特征识别的) security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.

In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smart phones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then,using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives . And since 2016, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smart phones.while Apple's new iphone X can even scan a user's face. But despite its popularity, experts warn that biometries might not be as secure as we imagine."Biometries is ideally good in practice, not so much, "said John Michener,a biometries expert.

When introducing the new iPhone's face ID feature, Phil Schiller, Apple's senior vice-president, said."The chance that a random person in the population could look at your iPhones X and unlock it with their face is about one in a million' But it's already been done. In a video posted on a community website Read fit, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X gunning their own face. And they aren't even twins.

"We may expect too much from biometries," Anil Jain, a computer science profess or at Michigan State University , told CBS News."No security systems are perfect."

Earlier last year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smart phone for the police, according to a tech website Splister."It's good to see biometrica being used more," Jain told CBS News,"because it adds another factor for security. But using multiple security measures is the best defense."

(1) Which is the latest identification technology in a smart phone according to the passage? A. Face scanning. B. Eye scanning. C. QR Code scanning. D. Fingerprint scanning.
(2) What is a major problem of the iPhone X's face ID system? A. It takes too long to unlock the phone. B. It often fails to recognize its owner's face. C. Face data can be used for other purposes. D. Different faces can be used to unlock the dame phone.
(3) What is Anil Jain's opinion about biometric security? A. It is as secure as traditional measures. B. It is perfect without much improvement. C. It has caused much trouble for the police. D. It should be used with other security measures.
(4) What does the author intend to tell us in this passage? A. The popularity of biometries. B. Security problems of biometries. C. Various problems with biometries. D. Great changes caused by biometries.
阅读理解 未知 困难
2. 阅读理解

A huge mass of rock slid down a mountainside above a Swiss village Brienz that was evacuated (撤离) last month, stopping just short of the settlement, relieved local officials said Friday. 

Brienz is a small village in the mountains of Switzerland. For hundreds of years, the mountain rocks above the village have appeared as if it might fall on the village at any moment. 

It didn't just look that way. The mountain was actually moving. Research indicates that since the 1920s, the mountain has been shifting a little over an inch a year. But the movement increased about 20 years ago. Since then, the mountain's rocks have been moving about a yard every year.

In May, the government told the people of Brienz to evacuate. They warned that rock and dirt were expected to slide off the mountain, and it could happen in as little as a week. Last Thursday night, it did happen. It completely covered the road and left a pile of rubble (碎石) as high as a four-story building. But somehow, it missed the village by a "hair".

The building closest to the mountain is the village school. The rubble stopped just a few yards from the school. But villagers are still worried about their church, St. Calixtus, which is over 500 years old. Last Friday, a helicopter flew over the village to check the area. The system that's used to keep an eye on the mountain's movements was damaged in the rockslide. Experts have been working day and night to rebuild it. The local government won't have enough information to decide when the villagers can go back to Brienz until the system is repaired.

According to scientists, it was climate change that made some other recent landslides in Europe happen. But they say the rockslide that threatened Brienz was not caused by it. In fact, nature has long eaten away the rock in the region, causing the rockslide. 

(1) On what basis is the author's statement about the movement of the mountain? A. The villagers' reports. B. The published statistics. C. The local people's experience. D. The government's warnings.
(2) What are the experts most concerned about? A. Moving the village school in danger. B. Protecting the time-honored church. C. Repairing the monitoring system. D. Rebuilding the homes of the people.
(3) What caused the rockslide at Brienz according to the scientists? A. Human activity. B. Climate change. C. Heavy rain. D. Rock weathering.
(4) Where is the text most likely taken from? A. A science magazine. B. A local newspaper. C. A geography textbook. D. A guide book.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳答案。

We can create learning moments that students remember forever if we open up our classrooms to awe and wonder. 

Toward the end of my high school year, our Spanish teacher organized a trip to see an Andean band perform in Philadelphia. My classmates and I egged one another on ironically(讽刺地):Who could enjoy the show? The performers' clothing seemed odd. The instruments, strange. But then the performers kicked in, dancing to their bombo and wancara drums around the stage and the panpipes and quena announced a kind of sound—new to us. 

We had spent too little time discussing the culture of the Inca in social studies but its traditions came alive for us that evening. Once the wonderful performance lit up the stage and the hall filled up with music, my teenage cynicism disappeared. I rose out of my chair to dance with honest joy. 

I have spent the last seven years living and working in South America. But my thirst for cultural exploration and a desire to understand the world outside my language and country has been alive longer than that. Sometimes I think that night dancing to those ancient rhythms unlocked this fascination. Why do I remember it so clearly decades later?

In his recent book Awe: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life, psychology professor Dacher Keltner explains that "brief moments of awe are as good for your mind and body as anything you might do." Besides being a memorable emotion, awe boosts curiosity, builds humility, helps with critical thinking, and makes people feel more connected. It even makes us happier. "Twenty years into teaching happiness, "Keltner writes about how to find deep happiness, "I have an answer: FIND AWF."

Moving forward, let's do our best to build instances of awe into our curriculum(课程). So when our former students approach us on the subway years later, they will recall the magical moments from their days spent in our classes. 

(1) How did the students initially react to the Andean band's performance? A. They showed respect for it. B. They approached it with doubt. C. They left in disappointment. D. They felt joyful to appreciate it.
(2) What does the underlined word "cynicism" in paragraph 3 refer to? A. A deep understanding of music. B. A strong enthusiasm for exploration. C. A negative attitude to the world. D. A sense of connection with society.
(3) What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The importance of finding happiness in life. B. The lasting impact of a memorable experience. C. The benefits of understanding different cultures. D. The positive role of awe in improving one's life.
(4) Who is the text intended for? A. Teachers. B. High school graduates. C. Parents. D. Psychology researchers.
阅读理解 未知 困难