1. 阅读理解

Begun 30 years ago, the Kubuqi desert greening project has succeeded in not only controlling the fast growth of the seventh-largest desert in China, about the size of Kuwait, but also turning about 6, 000 square kilometers of the desert — one-third of it — green. 

The desert lies about 800 kilometers to the west of Beijing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region (自治区) and the greening efforts have also controlled desertification (沙漠化) in the rest of the area. 

The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be looked to as an example of efforts to advance green development, in order to create harmony between humans and nature, and leave a better environment for future generations. 

The success of the project, which has been praised by the UN Environment Programme as an "eco-pioneer", sets an example for successful desertification control and ecosystem improvement based on effective government policies, supported by investment (投资) in the eco industry and combined with the efforts of local farmers. These three aspects are key to the success of the "Kubuqi model". 

Elion, a private ecology (生态) and investment company, has invested about 38 billion yuan($5. 82 billion)in the Kubuqi desert-greening project since 1988 helping to lift about 102, 000 local farmers out of poverty. For example, the locals grow a drought-tolerant (耐旱) plant, Chinese licorice, which is the most used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. The plant helps enrich the desert soil, with the bacteria around the roots of the plants producing nitrogen (氮气). Besides, Cistanche, another type of drought-tolerant herb, was introduced after the successful planting of licorice. Under the company's guidance and with the local government's support, the local people benefit from the "environmental wealth". 

More companies should be encouraged to apply the "Kubuqi model" in other desert control projects in Inner Mongolia and neighboring Gansu province, where the climate conditions are similar but not quite the same, so as to further gain experience and enrich the model in practice. Showing it can be successfully applied in other areas will help promote the model worldwide.

(1) What do we know about the Kubuqi greening project? A. It increases the areas of desert. B. It has turned all of the desert green. C. It has achieved satisfying results. D. It is applied all over the world.
(2) Which is NOT the reason for the success of the "Kubuqi model"? A. Efforts of local farmers. B. Government policies' support. C. Investment in the eco-industry. D. Help from the UN Environment Programme.
(3) What is the author's attitude towards the greening project? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 环境保护类; 自然地理类;
【答案】

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1.阅读理解

The Greenwood fire took its name from the nearby lake where lightning struck on Aug. 15, causing a wildfire that burned for weeks. Fueled by drought and wind, its persistence dominated headlines for much of late summer and early fall in Minnesota. When the last flames were finally put out, the northern Minnesota fire had consumed nearly 27,000 acres, countless firefighting resources, and at its worst, the lives that some had built around nearby McDougal Lake. Va5t areas of forest were left burned-out, with the black and bare remains of what were once massive pines.

But. despite the destruction left behind. Mother Nature is set to a comeback. When organic matter is burned from the forest floor, seeds dropped by plants and trees begin to take hold, with the sprouting species emerging first. The trees above have died, which sends a chemical signal to the root system that is actually more expansive than just under that tree, and that chemical response encourages those root systems to re-grow. Ten years ago, a fire ripped through 93,000 acres of Minnesota forest in and around the BWCA. Today, (hat burnt area's rebirth is well underway.

"Here in the Pagami Creek wildfire scar, we have Jack Pine, Red Pine, Black Spruce, Aspen and paper birch those are our main species, those are the ones that are growing quickly. It's 10 years on, and these trees are 10 to 15 feet tall in many areas," said Kyle Stover from the U.S. Forest Service.

A wildfire kills most things in its path, but despite the flames and intense temperatures, rarely is everything reduced to ashes - and that plays a key role in a forest's regeneration. Just one year after the fire, the survivors dominate the forest, and grasses replace the burnt ground. Wildflowers are abundant, bushes and small trees have started to grow, and Jack Pine returned. So. it's an amazing ecological system of creating new forest life when it appears that all is lost, one that has evolved throughout the ages, where fire has always played a vital role.

(1) What can we learn about the Greenwood fire? A. It was 3 natural occurrences. B. It was caused by drought. C. It gained half-year fame. D. It took many people's lives.
(2) What happens to the burnt area after the fire? A. Seeding growth is held up. B. Burnt organic manor hardly functions. C. Root systems spread further and wider.

D Chemicals in the soil are in greater demand.

(3) What can we say about the trees and plants in Minnesota? A. They are flammable. B. They are fire-resistant. C. They are fire-adapted. D. They are overgrown.
(4) What does the underlined word "one" in the last paragraph refer to? A. A fire. B. A life. C. A lime. D. A system.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通
2.阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

When I started Social-Engineer, I just left a company that was amazing. It was like a family. The pain of leaving was real for me and like all family separation, it wasn't 100% smooth. I was heartbroken to leave but wanted to take every lesson I learned to my new company. I was determined to also take all the good memories with me. Yes, there were mistakes from both sides of the fence but instead of focusing on those, I went away remembering all the great times, life lessons and growth I had gifted to me. 

I figured I would grow my company by being a nice man and working hard, and never demanding more from my people than I was willing to give, believing this approach would ean respect and effort in return. I would say things to myself like, "Well, I did this, so they should do that. "Or"I am this way, so they should be that way. "

And to be honest, it felt real. It felt like it was an honest evaluation. 

But. . . But. . . But. . . 

I started to have people problems. I am a very strong, direct communicator and although in many ways that is a strength, it can be a weakness in other ways. I often hurt people's feelings. Even though I was very self-aware of this, I still messed up. Now this is odd to admit out loud for a company that basically focuses on helping dozens of companies make huge changes. 

I went to see a psychologist. Natasha actively listened to all I said and then every now and then presented a thought as a question or a mild statement. She wanted to challenge me to change, challenge me to expand my thoughts. I was in my session with Natasha and I was saying things like this:

"I gave this person tens of thousands of dollars in a raise in one year, they should be more appreciative. "

"I have a great salary, benefits and support package, this person should have been more thankful."

Natasha stopped me and said, "Well, you just SHOULD all over yourself, didn't you? Did you pay for devotion? Did you pay for honor? Did you pay for appreciation?"

The sad answer was NO. 

"You want to see the change that you so desire- then be the change, " Natasha said. She then mentioned Bruce Lee, who said "Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. . . . Now, water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend. "

I know what I should do. Will you join me?

(1) Why was the author confident about his company management? A. He believed he was gifted for it. B. His employees were well qualified. C. He had lessons and work principles. D. His previous mistakes had been removed.
(2) What are the author's problems rooted in? A. The rigid rules. B. The lack of vision. C. The company's focus. D. The author's social skill.
(3) What did Natasha conclude from the session? A. The author fell into a thinking trap. B. The employees expected too much. C. The author was not really committed. D. The employees were victims of management.
(4) What does the author invite us to do? A. Read Bruce Lee. B. Learn to change. C. Take more duties. D. Desire less for more.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3. 阅读理解

When we encounter a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm. However,substantial evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximize collective intelligence.

To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we're better off shifting to a process called "brainwriting".You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.Next,you pool them and share them among the group without telling the authors.Then,each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.

An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation,the rescue team didn't hold brainstorming sessions.Rather,they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas.A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.

Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it's too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn't to be the smartest person in the room.It's to make the room smarter.

Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn't end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means they not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas.Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas.

(1) What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming? A. It highlights independent work. B. It encourages group cooperation. C. It prioritizes quality over quantity. D. It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
(2) Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3?  A. To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting. B. To praise a young man with brainwriting technique. C. To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting. D. To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
(3) How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4? A. By blocking the loudest voices. B. By allowing equal involvement. C. By improving individual wisdom. D. By generating more creative ideas.
(4) Which step of brainwriting does the author stress in the last paragraph? A. Individual writing. B. Group sharing. C. Personal evaluation. D. Joint discussion.
阅读理解 未知 普通