1.阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

When I started Social-Engineer, I just left a company that was amazing. It was like a family. The pain of leaving was real for me and like all family separation, it wasn't 100% smooth. I was heartbroken to leave but wanted to take every lesson I learned to my new company. I was determined to also take all the good memories with me. Yes, there were mistakes from both sides of the fence but instead of focusing on those, I went away remembering all the great times, life lessons and growth I had gifted to me. 

I figured I would grow my company by being a nice man and working hard, and never demanding more from my people than I was willing to give, believing this approach would ean respect and effort in return. I would say things to myself like, "Well, I did this, so they should do that. "Or"I am this way, so they should be that way. "

And to be honest, it felt real. It felt like it was an honest evaluation. 

But. . . But. . . But. . . 

I started to have people problems. I am a very strong, direct communicator and although in many ways that is a strength, it can be a weakness in other ways. I often hurt people's feelings. Even though I was very self-aware of this, I still messed up. Now this is odd to admit out loud for a company that basically focuses on helping dozens of companies make huge changes. 

I went to see a psychologist. Natasha actively listened to all I said and then every now and then presented a thought as a question or a mild statement. She wanted to challenge me to change, challenge me to expand my thoughts. I was in my session with Natasha and I was saying things like this:

"I gave this person tens of thousands of dollars in a raise in one year, they should be more appreciative. "

"I have a great salary, benefits and support package, this person should have been more thankful."

Natasha stopped me and said, "Well, you just SHOULD all over yourself, didn't you? Did you pay for devotion? Did you pay for honor? Did you pay for appreciation?"

The sad answer was NO. 

"You want to see the change that you so desire- then be the change, " Natasha said. She then mentioned Bruce Lee, who said "Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. . . . Now, water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend. "

I know what I should do. Will you join me?

(1) Why was the author confident about his company management? A. He believed he was gifted for it. B. His employees were well qualified. C. He had lessons and work principles. D. His previous mistakes had been removed.
(2) What are the author's problems rooted in? A. The rigid rules. B. The lack of vision. C. The company's focus. D. The author's social skill.
(3) What did Natasha conclude from the session? A. The author fell into a thinking trap. B. The employees expected too much. C. The author was not really committed. D. The employees were victims of management.
(4) What does the author invite us to do? A. Read Bruce Lee. B. Learn to change. C. Take more duties. D. Desire less for more.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 日常生活类; 故事阅读类; 夹叙夹议;
【答案】

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阅读理解 未知 普通
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1. 阅读理解

Not all birds sing, but those that do—some several thousand species—do it a lot. All over the world, as soon as light filters over the horizon, songbirds start singing. They sing to defend their territory and to impress potential mates.

"Why birds sing is relatively well-answered," says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist at the University of Southern Denmark. The big question for her was this: Why do birds sing so much? "For some reason," Adam says, birds have "a crazy drive to sing." This means hours every day for some species, and that takes a lot of energy. Plus, singing can be dangerous.

"As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself," she says. "Like, where you are, that you even exist, where your territory is —all of that immediately is out in the open for predators, for everybody."

In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her colleagues offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They suggest that songbirds may not have much choice. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality song.

These findings could be related to human voice s too. "If you apply the bird results to the humans," says Adam, "anytime you stop speaking, for whatever reason, you might experience a loss in vocal performance."

To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsong require daily exercise, Adam designed a series of experiments on zebra finches —little Australian songbirds with striped heads and a bloom of orange on their cheeks.

Through these experiments. Adam's conclusion is that "songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance song. If they don't sing, they lose performance, their vocalizations get less attractive to females—and that's bad."

This may help explain songbirds' constant singing. It's a kind of daily vocal practice to keep their instruments in tip-top shape. It's a good rule to live by, whether you're a bird or a human—practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one's heart out.

(1) What does Iris Adam try to figure out? A. Why all the birds don't sing. B. Why songbirds sing so well. C. Why songbirds sing so much. D. Why birds have vocal muscles.
(2) What do the underlined words "that risk" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Defending territory. B. Impressing partners. C. Singing all to death. D. Threatening lives.
(3) Which of the following agrees with Adam's experiment conclusion? A. Regular singing helps to exercise songbirds' vocal muscles. B. Songbirds have to sing their heart out to win their partners. C. Zebra finches are born to have excellent vocal instruments. D. Good vocal muscles are more attractive to female songbirds.
(4) What can be the best title for the text? A. A New Study of Songbirds B. The Way That Songbirds Sing C. Practice Makes a Perfect Song D. The Reason Why Birds Sing Much
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读理解

Polar bears generally use sea ice to hunt(捕猎), but a newly discovered group has found another way. An isolated(与世隔绝的) population of polar bears has been discovered in a fjord(峡湾) in southeast Greenland, which is free of sea ice for most of the year. Polar bear generally need sea ice to survive, so the discovery is raising hopes that some kinds of the polar bears might survive the loss of sea ice caused by global warming.

Researchers found the population living in a fjord in the southeast Greenland, which is surrounded by mountains and an ice sheet to the west, and ocean to the east. The sea-ice coverage lasts for only around 100 days each year. With sea ice in the fjord becoming smaller because of global warming, the whole group were expected to die out by the end of this century.

But the isolated population has found a way to hunt without sea ice. The group, about 27 adult females, has been isolated from other polar bear populations along Greenland's east coast for at least 200 years.

Tracking data from marked bears proves that they don't move far. For example, when members of the group went out of the fjord, the ice on which they sat sometimes got caught in the rapid water flow. "Whenever this happened, they would get stuck and then, they would have to jump off, swim to the beach and walk back home empty-handed," says lead author Kristin Laidre, an animal ecologist at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Though the researchers failed to video their hunting without sea ice, the existence of this small population in conditions of low sea-ice coverage suggests there is a chance that the population can survive, even as sea ice flows away to farther north each year.

(1) What have the newly discovered polar bears found? A. A place filled with ice sheets. B. A way to hunt without sea ice. C. A way to track sea ice flowing away. D. An ice sheet caught in the rapid water flow.
(2) Why were polar bears in the fjord expected to die out? A. They are being hunted by human. B. They have lost their source of food. C. They can't stand the increasing heat. D. The sea ice there is becoming smaller.
(3) What can be inferred from the text? A. The bears can swim very far to hunt for food. B. Kristin Laidre is negative about the future of the group. C. Once the group went out of the fjord, they might get into trouble. D. If the bears got caught in the rapid water flow, they wouldn't go home.
(4) Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Polar bear population can survive without sea ice B. Sea ice is becoming smaller because of the global warming C. Polar bear population may die out because of the global warming D. A newly discovered polar bear population has been stuck in a fjord
阅读理解 未知 困难
3.阅读理解

In today's throwaway society, it's all too easy to buy goods as and when we need them and simply bin them once they've served their purpose, and a surprising amount of perfectly usable stuff ends up as waste—and it's not just what we can see in the bin either.

When we throw away a product—be it a toy, a T-shirt or a tomato we're wasting more than the product and the money we spent on it, we're wasting all the effort that went into it growing it or mining the materials to make it, manufacturing it, packaging it for sale, and transporting it to the shop or to our door, for example, a cheeseburger has a carbon footprint of around 10 kg CO2eq. That's 30 times higher than its weight. 98% of a cheeseburger's total carbon impact actually comes from its production. Its waste impact accounts for just 2%. Similarly, despite weighing just io9 grams on average, the waste footprint of a smartphone is more than 500 times higher at a massive 8o kg. I hat s including the waste generated in mining materials to make it, like precious metals, but doesn't even include emissions(排放) generated in the manufacturing process.

In Scotland, 80% of carbon footprint comes from all the goods, materials and services which we produce, use and often throw out after just one use. What's more, around half of those emissions are produced overseas in countries poorer and more polluting than Scotland. Not good news.

There are signs of hope. More and more people are beginning to realize how serious this waste is and to use that knowledge to inform our purchases. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.

(1) What do we care less about when throwing away a used product? A. The purpose it serves. B. The value for collection. C. The carbon emissions. D. The reusing and recycling.
(2) Why does the author use figures in paragraph 2? A. To compare the change of goods' weight. B. To clarify the process of making the products. C. To show the rapid growth of carbon emissions. D. To present the fact of carbon footprint of the goods.
(3) What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult. B. Usable goods are mostly recycled. C. People like throwing recyclable waste. D. Goods should be used more than once.
(4) What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Recycling the waste. B. The invisible waste. C. Over-purchasing goods. D. The making of a product.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通