1. 阅读理解

In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it. " This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. 

However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. 

These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to "win" an argument.

(1) What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
(2) Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
(3) What does the underlined phrase "spell out" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
(4) What is the key to "winning" an argument according to the author? A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence. C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 日常生活类;
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1. 阅读理解

Shenzhou-17 crewed spaceflight mission successfully launched

(文章来源:Global Times

On the momentous occasion of the 20th anniversary of China's first manned spaceflight the Shenzhou-5, the Shenzhou-17 spacecraft soared into the sky from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China on Thursday morning at 11:14 am. 

Sitting atop the Long March-2F Y17 carrier rocket, the spacecraft, carrying taikonauts Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie, and Jiang Xinlin, embarked on the journey toward the China Space Station. Following a smooth flight of around 10 minutes , the Shenzhou-17 spacecraft entered its planned orbit, marking a successful launch, according to the official release by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA.)

The average age of the crew of taikonauts of Shenzhou-17 mission is a markedly young at 39, setting a record for China's manned space history. 

The Shenzhou-17 spacecraft is now on its way to the China Space Station, and according to the mission plan, it will carry out a fast rendezvous and docking with the Tianhe space station core module at the front port around 6.5 hours after liftoff. 

The Tiangong space station is hours away from staging another a great feat of an in-orbit reunion of six taikonauts, continuing the new norm for the China Space Station with permanent occupation of taikonauts, mission insiders hailed. 

The collaboration between the two crew groups will mark a significant step in China's ongoing space exploration endeavors, reinforcing its capability and commitment to long-term space habitation and research, they noted.

This year marks the 20th anniversary of China's first manned spaceflight mission the Shenzhou-5. In the past 20 years, China has carried out 12 such crewed missions including the latest Shenzhou-17 mission, with a perfect success rate.

Since its inaugural flight in 1999, the Long March 2F rocket, the country's first and only manned carrier rocket, has maintained a flawless record. 

Through continuous efforts to address weak links and optimize technical conditions, the reliability assessment of Long March 2F rocket has now increased to 0.9896, with a safety assessment value reaching 0.99996. This showcases the rigorous enhancements and technical advancements that have been implemented to ensure the rocket's reliability and safety over the years, the rocket developer the state-owned China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) told the Global Times on Thursday. 

Currently, the "one-launch-one-standby" launch process of the Long March 2F rocket has been compressed from 49 days during the initial construction phase of the space station to 35 days. Now, efforts are underway to further optimize and improve the process aiming for a 30-day target, to better meet the demands of the space station's application and development phase, developers said. 

According to them, in the coming years, the Long March 2F rocket is set to continue its high-frequency launch schedule with two launches per year. It will play a crucial role in the operation of China's space station, demonstrating its pivotal role in supporting the country's ambitious space exploration and operation endeavors.

The Shenzhou-17 crewed flight mission, the 30th flight mission since the establishment of China's manned space program in 1992, has some crucial objectives. 

The mission's primary goal includes completing the in-orbit crew rotation with the Shenzhou-16 trio, before they carry on to conduct an approximate six-month stay in space until April 2024.

During this period, the crew will engage in on-orbit trials of space science and application payloads, conduct extravehicular activities, commonly known as spacewalks, and perform payload extravehicular operations, which according to the CMSA, will also involve the installation of extravehicular payloads and maintenance tasks on the space station.

Moreover, the mission will continually evaluate the functional performance of the space station assembly, accumulating precious data and experience regarding space station operations. This initiative aims to assess the coordination and compatibility of the ground support center in managing space station operational tasks, thereby enriching the operational efficiency and troubleshooting capabilities of the space station, the CMSA said. 

A significant highlight of the Shenzhou-17 mission is the pioneering experimental extravehicular repair operations to be undertaken on the space station, which will be a historic first. 

Also, the Shenzhou-17 mission will carry a significant "Space Protein Molecular Assembly and Application Research" project, the Global Times learned from the space application system personnel on Thursday. 

Aiming to advance humanity's health, the project encompasses 29 samples across five categories: proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids, biological materials, and pharmaceutical materials. Samples include insulin, cancer treatment protein complexes, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen polypeptide, and lysozyme, which were transferred to the launch tower about eight hours before launch, and placed inside the Shenzhou spacecraft to be launched into space, Cang Huaixing, a research fellow with the Center for Space Application Engineering and Technology, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the Global Times.

(1) What do we know from the article? A. There were six members in this flight mission team. B. The launch base was located in Wenchang City. C. The age of the astronauts this time was older than before. D. Shenzhou 17 entered orbit after running for 6.5 hours.
(2) What was the main mission of Shenzhou Seventeen? A. Stay in space for over half a year. B. Rotate with members of Shenzhou Sixteen. C. Walk away from the space station. D. Repair the International Space Station.
(3) What was CMSA's attitude towards this launch? A. Subjective. B. Anxious. C. Objective. D. Indifferent.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Cities, often seen as ecological wastelands, actually have the potential to produce exceptional biologists. While traditional biologists typically come from rural backgrounds, urban residents possess diverse skill sets that make them better ones.

Take myself as an example. Growing up in Philadelphia provided me with a unique angle to look at urban ecology. The city's distinct seasons, plentiful squirrels, row homes, and festivals served as my first ecological classroom. It was there that I witnessed wild cats eating birds and rats, people driving bats from their homes, and snakes being killed by lawn mowers(割草机). This was ecology in action, as real as any observation in fields and forests.

The unique environment of urban areas encourages wildlife there to develop distinct feature s and behaviors that set them apart from their rural counterparts: they may be larger in size, be active at different times of the day, move differently, and even display different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even "smarter" because they balance more risks, such as exposure to roads, poisonous chemicals and diseases from domestic animals—with rewards, of course, like inhabitable parks and human-provided food.

As human residents of cities, we too adapt to the risks and challenges of urban living. This adaptation sharpens our intuition(直觉)—we learn which streets to avoid and lock our doors for safety. Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. Shared experiences such as these enable us to better understand and appreciate urban wildlife.

Most of the world's population now accesses green and blue spaces, as well as wildlife, within urban neighborhoods. Nature is no longer only untouched wilderness; it includes sounds of human laughter, trash trucks and fire alarms. We urban residents are resourceful and imaginative. We need more capacity, more participation, more energy and more innovation in science to create solutions to fight environmental degradation and reduce biodiversity loss. Identifying this talent across cities presents a practical approach.

(1) What did growing up in Philadelphia teach the author? A. Philadelphia is uniquely rich in wildlife. B. Studying biology at school helps greatly. C. Urban wild creatures need protection too. D. Cities are far from ecological wastelands.
(2) What does the underlined word "counterparts" in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. Similar species. B. Potential enemies. C. Natural resources. D. Qualified biologists.
(3) What experiences help urban residents understand wildlife better? A. Eco-friendly habits. B. Risk-aware behaviors. C. Ill-informed choices. D. Fast-paced urban life.
(4) What is the best title for this passage? A. Cities Build Better Biologists B. What Makes Smarter Residents? C. Urban Areas Encourage Wildlife D. Who Saves Ecological Wastelands?
阅读理解 未知 普通
3.阅读理解

The number of weather -related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1, However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards (危险) has been almost three times less.

According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards account ted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures. How-ever, deaths fell from over 50, 000 in the 1970s to less than 20, 000 in the 2010s.

"Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change," says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas,

"That means more heatwaves, drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms.

"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives," Taalas said.

(1) What do we know from the first paragraph? A. Disasters connected with weather have gone up. B. The number of weather related disasters has decreased. C. The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing. D. Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.
(2) What will happen according to Petteri Taalas? A. There will be more extreme weather. B. Extreme rainfall will no longer exist. C. Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down. D. Humans will conquer extreme weather in the end.
(3) What is hopeful behind the bad news? A. Improved warning systems will save economic losses. B. Economic losses are going down as exposure increases. C. More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems. D. Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.
(4) Where may the text be taken from? A. A novel. B. An advertisement. C. A guideline. D. A magazine.
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