This year saw the publication, in stages, of the sixth report by the UN's Intergovernmental Pancl on Clinate. Change (IPCC)--a report which was depressing reading for ruany climate scientists, and in some ways offered a ray of hope.
Why depressing? Because the report confinned what scientists have been saying for years: that human activity, particularly in the forrn of cmissions of greenhouse gases, is responsible for the warniing in the past few centuries, and that unless such emissions are greatly reduced, we will soon bring about our entire ecosystem's destruction.
The report concluided that 1. 5℃ of global warming over the next couple of hundred years is already "baked in". This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement--that nations agreed to keep wanning below 2°℃, and hopefiully below 1. 5°℃—much barder to meet. Worse still, the IPCC report was followed later in the year by the COP27 summit (峰会),described by Prof Dann Mitchell, as "a complete failure, other than some comnitinent to loss and damage. "
And the ray of hope? The IPCC's sixth report was broader in approach than previous studies--looking in-depth for the first tine at the role played in warming by short-ferm greenhouse gases such as methane(甲烷), for instance.
"Reducing carbon emissions is always the best approach: stop the problem at its source," said Mitchell. "But we also need other approaches to help with this. Methane is important but it's so short-lived—that's why we haven't been so bothered when compared with CO. "
The IPCC working groups showed potential adaptation paths, and they are the other things we can do in terms of fighting cliate change and relieving its worst effects, rather than simply reducing carbon emissions. This would include taking measures such as switching to a more piant-based diet (to reduce methane emissions), controlling population growth, reducing finansiai meqvallty and developing means by which we might remove CO that's already in our atmosphere, rather than simply preventing it being released.