1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.

In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.

"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."

Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.

(1) What is the problem with the author's children? A. They often annoy the neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework. C. They have no friends to play with. D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
(2) How did David Bond advocate his idea? A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities. C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
(3) Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2? A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
(4) What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 学习教育类; 标题选择;
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阅读理解 真题 普通
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1.阅读理解

The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three-times the amount of climate-warming methane than government estimates show, according to a new study from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations in Nature. Methane (甲烷) is the main component of natural gas and among the greenhouse gases heating the planet, which is produced when extracting crude oil.

Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common. "These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil," says Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn't a. way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.

In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and there, very little of the methane was wasted. That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane. They say drillers have the incentive to capture gas leaks so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that's not always possible, if industry hasn't built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.

"Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high," said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization's Global Methane Tracker shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.

Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals. "2024 could mark a turning point and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down," Gould said. Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a reduction in methane emissions, next year.

(1) What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Various measures are taken to restrict the release of methane. B. The low value of the gas in part leads to the high leak of the methane. C. The more focused on the production of the gas, the higher the methane release D. The percentage of methane in developing countries is higher than in developed countries
(2) What does the underlined word "incentive" in paragraph 3 mean? A. Equipment. B. Productivity. C. Drive. D. Assessment.
(3)  Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Caution: Methane emission gives rise to serious global warming. B. Methane emissions: Oil and gas industry's hidden impact. C. Measures taken to cut back on methane emissions. D. Methane is to blame for the climate change.
(4) What is Tim Gould's attitude toward emissions of methane at present? A. Critical. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读理解

Robots have long been drawing inspiration from animals, with the creation of robot dogs or snake-shaped robots. And yet, the field of robotics is far less enthusiastic about the other kind of living things—plants. Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist owes this to a misconception about plant behavior: that they cannot move or think. "It's not true at all," she says. To challenge this view, Dr Mazzolai and her team recently launched a machine called "FiloBot", a robot based on a climbing species.

To survive, a climbing plant must switch between several different behaviors. In forest environments, it must first grow out of the soil and travel along the ground in search of a support to hold onto, such as a nearby tree. Once a support is located, though, the plant fixes itself around the object and then growing towards the light. To choose the best angle to grow upwards, a climbing plant uses its shoots(芽) to receive information about light and gravity.

FiloBot has sensors on its main shoot. It can 3D-print its body with plastic and grow at a controllable rate. These functions researchers found, enabled FiloBot to cross gaps, and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing device means that it is light and requires minimal care, while its slow pace means that it doesn't disturb things around it, making it possible to move through a complex, unseen environment, or monitoring disaster sites.

For now, FiloBot is still being tested. Its tendrils(卷须) have not left the laboratory. Still, it has already been employed in deconstructing plant behaviour. For example, it was long assumed that climbing plants find their supports by growing towards shade, though the exact mechanism was unclear. FiloBot could imitate this behaviour by detecting far-red light, which is typical of shaded areas, providing clues to how plants do it.

Dr Mazzolai hopes that such projects will inspire other roboticists to take their cues from plants and develop completely new technologies.

(1) What does the misconception about plants in the field of robotics focus on? A. Their shapes. B. Their diversity. C. Their body language. D. Their capabilities.
(2) What is an advantage of FiloBot? A. It moves quickly. B. It has a solid metal body. C. It adapts to different environment. D. It is attached to huge computers.
(3) What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The limitations of FiloBot. B. The current use of FiloBot. C. The components of FiloBot. D. The unique feature of FiloBot's design.
(4)  Which of the following is a suitable title for this text? A. A Role Model for Robotics Research B. A Glimpse into the World of Robotics C. A Plant-Inspired Innovation in Robotics D. A Misunderstanding of the Plant Kingdom
阅读理解 未知 普通
3. 阅读理解

D

With the completion of the Human Genome(基因组)Project more than 20 years ago, and the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA enjoying its 70th birthday last year, you might assume that we know how life works. Think again!

Evolution has a 4bn-year head start on us. However, several aspects of the standard picture of how life works-the idea of the genome as a blueprint, of genes as instructions for building an organism, of proteins as precisely tailored molecular(分子)machines and more-have wildly reduced the complexity of life. 

In the excellent book How Life Works, Philip Ball explorers the new biology, revealing life to be a far richer, more delicate affair than we have understood. Ball explains that life is a system of many levels-genes, proteins, cells, tissues, and body modules-each with its own rules and principles, so there is no unique place to look for an answer to it. 

Also, How Life Works is a much more appealing title than the overused question of "What is life?". We should be less concerned with what a thing is, and rather more focused on what a thing does. Defining a living thing implies an unchangeable ideal type, but this will run counter to the Darwinian principle that living things are four-dimensional, ever changing in time as well as space.

But it's an idea that is deeply rooted within our culture. Ball points out that we rely on metaphors(比喻)to explain and explore the complexities of life, but none suffice. We are taught that cells are machines, though no machine we have invented behaves like the simplest cell; that DNA is a code or a blueprint, though it is neither; that the brain is a computer, though no computer behaves like a brain at all.

Ball is a terrific writer, pumping out books on incredibly diverse subjects. There's a wealth of well-researched information in here, and some details that are a bit chewy for the lay reader. But the book serves as an essential introduction on our never-ending quest to understand life.

(1) What does paragraph 2 intend to state? A. The research of biology is tricky. B. Human evolution is a lengthy process. C. Genes determine the structure of living things. D. Commonly held models of life are oversimplified.
(2) What does the underlined phrase "run counter to" in paragraph 4 mean? A. Go against. B. Refer to. C. Account for. D. Contribute to.
(3) What is Ball's attitude to using metaphors to explain life? A. Tolerant. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Indecisive.
(4) What is the purpose of the text? A. To review a book. B. To introduce genetic map. C. To honour a writer. D. To correct a misperception.
阅读理解 未知 普通