1.阅读理解

Jonathan the tortoise, the world's oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a "cake" of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number "190".

Jonathan was brought to St. Helena from the Seychelles in 1882 as a gift. According to Guinness World Records, Jonathan surpassed the previous record holder, Tu'i Malila, who lived in the 1770s until 1965and could be even older. He arrived in St. Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882.

"The vet is still feeding him by hand once a week to boost his calories, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as he is blind and has no sense of smell. His hearing though is excellent and he loves the company of humans, and responds well to his vet Joe Hollins' voice as he associates him with a feast, Guinness World Records said.

"The tortoise enjoys the sun but on very hot days takes to the shade. On mild days, he will sunbathe his long neck and legs stretched fully out of his shell to absorb heat and transfer it to his core," according to Hollins. When it's cold, Jonathan has been known to "dig himself into leaf mold or grass cuttings and remain there all day."

In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. They generally live much longer in captivity than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to evading predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than their smaller counterparts. For more information about animal record holders, click here.

(1) When might Jonathan be born? A. In 1882. B. In 1770. C. In 1965. D. In 1832.
(2) Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the text? A. Jonathan had a birthday cake made of fruits, meat, and vegetables. B. Jonathan was born and raised on the island of St. Helena. C. Jonathan is the Guinness World holder of the oldest land animal. D. Jonathan is a very old but healthy tortoise with full senses.
(3) Which is not a reason why a tortoise in the wild has a relatively shorter lifespan? A. Species differences. B. Food shortage. C. Lack of medical treatment. D. Animal enemies.
(4) Where can we probably find this article? A. In a science fiction. B. On a news website. C. In a travel brochure. D. In a biology textbook.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 科普环保类; 说明文;
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1.阅读理解

Marathon is the supreme discipline of long-distance running. They are not only attractive for top athletes, but also for hobby runners. The choice of events is almost endless. Now we have put together some most breathtakingly beautiful ones that you'll be tempted to run holding a camera.

Ultra-trail Angkor, Cambodia

The newest of a series of Angkor marathons, this endurance (耐力) test offers 32-km, 64-km and 128-km routes around the famous temples, including Bayon and Angkor Wat. Watch out for monkeys, and the gigantic tree vines that memorably hug some of the great buildings.

Dodo Trail, Mauritius

Crossing rugged (崎岖的) coastline and tropical forests,the Dodo Trail is full of wildlife, although the famous dodo bird remains, sadly, extinct. While the demanding 50km Xtreme route covers 828m-high Black River Peak, a beginner-friendly Mini Dodo Trail (10 km) is easier.

Great Ocean Road marathon, Australia

Another well-known scenic coastal drive, southern Australia's Great Ocean Road stages a footrace every May. Neckache could be a problem: in one direction lies the scenic South Sea, and in another handsome forest and, if you're lucky, a koala or two. Be warned, however, that the series of steep slopes make this one of the toughest marathons.

Big Five marathon, South Africa

Marathon meets safari at the privately owned Entabeni Game Reserve every June. The start time is dependent on the race-day location of the Big Five members-African elephants, Cape buffalo, lions, leopards and rhinos-as organizers try to guarantee sightings.

(1) Which marathon is suitable for less experienced runners? A. Ultra-trail Angkor. B. Dodo Trail. C. Great Ocean Road marathon. D. Big Five marathon.
(2) Why does the writer mention "neckache" in Great Ocean Road marathon? A. To highlight the wonderful scenery. B. To present the difficulty of the event. C. To attract attention to physical health. D. To warn runners of dangerous animals.
(3) What do the four marathons have in common? A. Risky and tiring routes. B. Beautiful coastal views. C. Chances to see wild animals. D. Fixed time for annual events.
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2.阅读理解

When Elvis Presley(猫王) died on August 16th, 1977, radio and television programs all over the world were interrupted to give the news of his death. President Carter declared a day of national mourning. Carter said, "Elvis Presley changed the face of American popular culture. . . He was unique and irreplaceable. " Eighty thousand people attended his funeral. The streets were jammed with cars, and Elvis Presley films were shown on television, and his records were played on the radio all day. In the year after his death, one hundred million Presley LPs(密纹唱片)were sold.

Elvis Presley was born on January 8th, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi. His parents were very poor and Elvis never had music lessons, but he was surrounded by music from an early age. His parents were very religious, and Elvis regularly sang at church services. In 1948, when he was thirteen, his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. He left school in 1953 and got a job as a truck driver.

In the summer of 1953, Elvis paid four dollars and recorded a song for his mother's birthday at Sam Phillips' Sun Records studio. Sam Phillips heard Elvis and asked him to record That's All Right. Twenty thousand copies were sold. He made five more records for Sun. Then in July 1955, he met Colonel Tom Parker, who became his manager in November. On January 10th, 1956, Elvis recorded Heartbreak Hotel, and a million copies were sold. In the next fourteen months, he made another fourteen records, and they were all big hits. In 1956, he also made his first film in Hollywood.

In March 1958, Elvis had to join the army. He wanted to be an ordinary soldier. When his hair was cut, thousands of women cried. He spent the next two years in Germany, where he met Priscilla Beaulieu, who became his wife eight years later on May 1st, 1967. In 1960, he left the army and went to Hollywood where he made several films during the next few years.

By 1968 many people had become tired of Elvis. He hadn't performed live since 1960, but he recorded a new LP From Elvis in Memphis and appeared in a special television program. He became popular again, and went to Las Vegas, where he was paid seven hundred fifty thousand dollars for four weeks. In August of 1977, he died from a heart attack. He has been working too hard, and eating and drinking too much for several years. He left all his money to his only daughter, Lisa Marie Presley.

(1) The first song Elvis recorded was________. A. a gift for his mother's birthday B. played on the radio C. sold well in Las Vegas D. a hit overnight
(2) How did Elvis begin his career in 1953? A. By getting recognized by Sam Phillips. B. By meeting Colonel Tom Parker. C. By recording Heartbreak Hotel. D. By attending church services.
(3) What can we know from the passage? A. Elvis learnt music from his father. B. Elvis became a drinker when he got a job as a truck driver. C. Elvis once lost his popularity in the 60s. D. Elvis's hair was cut in the army because of his wrong doings.
(4) Why did Elvis gain great respect after his death? A. He contributed to the development of American pop culture. B. He achieved success in all his records. C. He won unexampled recognition in his performance. D. He gave away all his money to the poor.
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3.阅读理解

Children love getting dirty, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. "Don't get dirty!" was once a constant family refrain, as parents despairingly (绝望地) watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers' fields or climbing trees, it was obvious that children's whites would turn brown before the day was over.

Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism(城市化), and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.

Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation(刺激). which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible(注意力分散的). Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)(注意力缺陷多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such "doses of nature" as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.

Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor(感觉运动) development, according to the scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.

Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact with nature-with outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage children to play in the dirt.

(1) What does the underlined word "refrain" mean in Paragraph One? A. Resolution. B. Decision. C. Complaint. D. Judgement.
(2) Which is irrelevant to the reason for getting close to nature less? A. Living in the city. B. Getting badly ill. C. Lost in video games. D. Addicted to social media.
(3) What is Paragraph Three mainly about? A. The stimulation to the tired brain. B. The medicine for children with ADHD C. The mental promotion from city walking. D. The brain restoration from outdoor activity.
(4) What will the author be likely to talk about next? A. More benefits of outdoor plays. B. Further study on body signals. C. Many skills of playing dirt. D. Detailed information on mud kitchens.
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