1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).

Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature. I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I'd pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue   with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.

But something bothered me. In what I'd intended as a nature experience, here I was using   very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my "nature walk," which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I'd been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.

What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he'd be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:

Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds … I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.

Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his "botany-box." And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was "the best dressed." Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.

Thinking more deeply, I realized we've come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature's gift. Cyborgs are us.

(1) What is the purpose of the text? A. To recommend Thoreau's book Walden Pond. B. To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs. C. To share the reflections on man's reliance on nature. D. To question whether people are technology-dependent.
(2) Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author's eye? A. B. C. D.
(3) Why does the author quote Thoreau's journal? A. To introduce a literary work on nature. B. To explain how to prepare for a nature walk. C. To prove that even naturalists use technology. D. To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
(4) What is the author's attitude towards being a cyborg? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
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推理判断题; 科普环保类; 说明文;
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1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in 1942. He was alone in the mountains of Iran; nobody knows how he got there. 

When the exhausted Polish soldiers came upon Wojtek, they were immediately struck with emotions. They had been away from their loved ones for a long time. They needed something to pick their spirits up. So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy. 

Wojtek was officially adopted into the army. He traveled with the army to the Middle East, providing comradery and entertainment. He would wrestle with the men, chase after oranges they cast for him and follow them about like a puppy. He became their connection to humanity in a time when the light of peace seemed so far away. And, like a child, he was also playful. In the desert heat, he learned how to break into the showers and turn on the water. He could also be seen pulling trunks of empty gun shells with the men or standing at attention in formation. Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh. 

Getting through the hardship of war takes something extraordinary, something unexpectedly dangerous to preserve your mental state. That's what Wojtek did for the men who had been so long in the fog and uncertainty of World War I. A playful bear became the symbol of strength and adaptability. Thankfully, wars ended but Wojtek was not forgotten. He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable. 

(1) How did the Polish soldiers react after they found the bear? A. They were hit by the bear. B. They accepted him and fed him. C. They called Wojtek names. D. They brought joy to him like warriors.
(2) Which of the following is TRUE about Wojtek' s experience in the army? A. He would run after and eat up the oranges thrown by the soldiers. B. He could pull branches with the soldiers to the army camp. C. He would stand and listen attentively for information. D. He would play tricks on those newly-joined soldiers.
(3) What happened to Wojtek after World War II ? A. He became famous and brought joy to the locals in a farm in Scotland. B. He settled down with the Polish army in a farm in Scotland. C. He enjoyed his life in another army in a farm in Scotland. D. He was shipped to his hometown with the help of the Polish soldiers.
(4) What is the best title of the passage? A. Wojtek: The Wild Warrior in the Desert Storm B. Wojtek: From the Frontlines to a Hairy Friend C. Bearing Witness: The Remarkable Tale of the Polish Army D. A Lifelong Bear Friend with the Scottish Locals
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Nowadays, people in China are increasingly interested in celebrating foreign festival, especially those western festivals.

A survey conducted recently by Sina. Com showed that among the 18, 222 people surveyed 63. 9% said celebrating Christmas is just another way of recreation, nothing serious while 17. 85% surveyed considered the festival as a fashion act, showing they were not "out". These two parts clearly indicate the general opinion of the young. 10. 45 percent people involved said the celebration of a religious western festival with so much enthusiasm is absolutely ridiculous pursuit of foreign goodness. Only 7. 8% of people define Christmas as a kind of festival colonization(殖民).

The arising of celebrating foreign festivals clearly has something to do with the advancement of China's economy. In my opinion of view, Christmas and other festivals celebrated in China have difference from the origin. They have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life. Shop owners' pockets are filled, the public's hunger for happiness is filled, and that is enough. Foreign festivals in China are more like carnivals giving people pleasure and enjoyment.

The crisis(危机) of traditional Chinese festivals that are losing their attraction may be linked to the culture tradition and background of the festivals. Most Chinese festival culture is related more or less to real life.

But the western culture shows much of romance. Some festivals have their religious background while others have much to do with culture and people. At this point, food seems to be too plain. Flowers and chocolates are more welcomed.

Foreign festivals in China today are celebrated for fun. They give people opportunities to relax and to show appreciation and gratefulness. The acceptance of foreign festivals generally depends on the openness of the public, the familiarity with the western culture, and most importantly, on people's economic status.

(1) From the survey we know that among the people surveyed _________. A. Most think celebrating foreign festivals is ridiculous B. Many fear that traditional Chinese festivals will disappear soon C. Some think that celebrating foreign festivals is a sign of foreign goodness chasing D. half think celebrating foreign festivals makes people not go out of faction
(2) The writer think that foreign festivals celebrated in China ________. A. have lost their religious background B. are the same as those celebrated in the west C. can give more fun than traditional Chinese festivals D. may reduce the hunger of public people
(3) What is the main difference between foreign festivals and traditional Chinese ones? A. Foreign festivals can make Chinese shop owners' pockets full quickly B. The food at foreign festivals is too simple C. Chinese festivals always have something to do with culture D. Foreign festivals are romantic while traditional Chinese ones are connected with reality
(4) Which of the following may NOT be the reason why so many people accept foreign festivals? A. People can relax themselves . B. People can show their thanks to others C. Foreign festivals have longer histories than Chinese ones D. People have known more about the western culture.
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The UK's planned ban on sales of new petrol, diesel (柴油) or hybrid (混合动力) cars could start as early as 2032, Transport Secretary Grant Shapps has said. Last week, the government raised industry concern after bringing the date forward from 2040 to 2035 in order to hit zero-carbon emission targets. But Mr. Shapps told BBC Radio 5 live it would happen by 2035, "or even 2032," adding there would be consultation.

The main car trade body had previously said the 2035 figure was "concerning".

The government is setting out its proposals in a United Nations climate summit in November. A Department for Transport spokesperson said, "We are consulting on a range of possible dates to bring forward the end to the sale of petrol and diesel cars."

"The proposal for this is 2035 — or earlier if a faster transition appears reasonable — as well as including hybrids for the first time." The UK has set a target of emitting zero carbon by 2050. Experts warned that the original target date of 2040 would still leave old conventional cars on the roads 10 years later. Once the ban comes into effect, only electric cars will be available. Hybrid vehicles are now included in the proposals, which were originally announced in July 2017.

Despite this, Royal Automobile club spokesman Simon Williams said, "While the government appears to be constantly moving forward for ending the sale of new petrol, diesel and hybrid vehicles, drivers should not be worried about choosing a hybrid car now." "They are potentially the perfect stepping stone for those who want to go electric but have concerns about range (续航), as they aren't as expensive as a battery electric vehicle. At the moment, they give drivers the best of both worlds."

How attached are British people to their petrol vehicles? How long until conventional cars go the way of steam engine cars and horse coaches?

(1) What is the car industry's attitude towards the ban on the sale of conventional cars? A. Ambiguous. B. Indifferent. C. Worried. D. Approving.
(2) Why does the UK propose to ban the sale of conventional cars before 2040? A. To remove the concern of main car trade body. B. To hold back the development of pure battery electric cars. C. To hold a United Nations climate summit in November. D. To meet the zero carbon emission target as planned.
(3) What is Simon's opinion when people face the ban of conventional cars? A. It's still a wise choice to choose a hybrid car nowadays. B. Battery electric cars should be widely used immediately. C. Drivers should consider about range when choosing a car. D. People should abandon petrol vehicles as soon as possible.
(4) What can we infer about the conventional cars from the last paragraph? A. They will fall out of use some day. B. They are as important as horse coaches. C. They will remain as a family necessity. D. They may increase your daily expenses.
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