1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Growing up on a farm, I learned from my parents about the large bees we called mangangava. But in college when I gave a presentation about those bees, I didn't mention their familiar name; instead I used formal terms when describing their adaptations for pollinating (授粉). I was afraid of being judged for expressing my personal knowledge in a science class. But when the instructor pressed me to tell the class whether I'd seen the bees myself and what I called them, my views and my whole career path began to change. I realized my background was valuable, and that my calling was to help educate others like me.

My parents worked on a small farm and I often helped out when I was not in school. They had a close relationship with nature, something they learned from my grandparents and passed down to me. This was why I became interested in biology.

In college, I joined a series of labs to gain research experience, but my interest in pursuing a career as a scientist began to wane after I realized my research was not helping poor people like my parents. As a black student from a rural community, I also felt out of place in most classes. The feeling of not belonging circled in my head. I sometimes thought about giving up.

My instructor's request that I share my knowledge of the mangangava bee changed my view. She saw that tapping into my personal experiences would help me grasp the scientific concepts. No other professor bad shown that kind of sensitivity, which helped me realize I did have a place in higher education and that I didn't need to hide who I truly am.

I'm now a master's student in education, working on a project that explores the connect ion between science and traditional knowledge. I don't think I'd be here if I hadn't crossed paths with my instructor. We need more educators and scientists like her people who can serve as role models and know that the best way to nurture new scientists is to allow students to be themselves.

(1) What did the author initially think of his background when in college? A. It was of little use for his college studies. B. It motivated him to carry on his research. C. It gave him an advantage over others. D. It was something he wanted to hide.
(2) What does the underlined word "wane" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. remain B. advance C. fade D. rise
(3) What should a good educator do according to the author? A. Value students' personal knowledge and views. B. Inspire students to work as hard as he or she does. C. Treat students from different backgrounds equally. D. Be equipped with rich knowledge of a certain field.
(4) What is the main idea of this passage? A. The family is one of the nature's masterpieces. B. Every man is the architect of his own fortune. C. A good teacher is better than ten thousand books. D. Good habits formed at youth make all the difference.
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 人生百味类; 记叙文; 文章大意;
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1.阅读理解

Polar bear mothers invest a huge amount into their cubs (幼兽), isolating themselves in dens (兽穴) dug with great effort into piles of snow to provide care through the unforgiving conditions of Arctic winter. It's little wonder that the bears are hesitant to leave when disturbed, even when oil drilling equipment is in operation nearby.

"We found that bears wouldn't abandon their dens even with vehicles driving right overhead," says Wesley Larson, who worked his way from office assistant to a graduate student position with Utah's Brigham Young University, monitoring polar bears on Alaska's North Slope.

Scientists have recorded an increase in human-wildlife conflict in the area, as offshore pack ice has decreased, forcing the bear population to create their dens closer to petrol industry activity. With increased industry interest in oil and gas leasing (租赁) in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, strong evidence to help support and carry out protective measures for the species has never been more important.

Wildlife managers in Alaska depend on a rule that industrial activity and research cannot take place within 1. 6 km of a den with newborn babies in it. Working with 15 years of monitoring records, and 30 years of notes concerning interactions between the industry and the bears, Larson and colleagues were able to confirm that the regulation was sufficient, but that more needed to be done to actively locate dens. He explains that with entrances quickly covered by snow and dens closed-up until spring, they are effectively undetectable to the naked eye.

"While technology such as forward-looking infrared cameras can be used to try to pick up a heat signature inside the den, it only works when conditions are perfect, and they rarely are in Arctic winter," says Larson. He is now consulting on a project using radar technology to identify dens and ensure protection for the animals symbolic of the Arctic.

(1) Why does the author mention polar bear mothers in paragraph 1? A. To attract sympathy for the polar bears. B. To condemn human activities that damage nature. C. To show the severe environment polar bears live in. D. To explain polar bears' unwillingness to leave their dens.
(2) What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Pursuit of economic interest threatens polar bears' existence. B. Protective measures were not considered important in the past. C. Human activities have led to the reduction of offshore pack ice. D. The development of petrol industry has forced the bears to leave.
(3) What is Larson's attitude towards the regulation of human activities in Alaska? A. Approving. B. Critical. C. Worried. D. Hopeful.
(4) What is the main idea of the text? A. Attention should be paid to protecting polar bears. B. Technology should be applied to identify polar bears. C. More efforts are necessary to monitor polar bear dens. D. It's very difficult to successfully locate polar bear dens.
阅读理解 常考题 普通
2.阅读理解

The rate of childhood obesity in the U. S. has tripled over the past 50 years. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive, family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children l2 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older. This advice reflects the organization's adoption of a more active position on childhood obesity.

Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive, inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain. Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for children. And surgery has potential risks and few long-term safety data. Furthermore, it's not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to improve health or merely add to the psychological burden overweight kids face from the society.

Rather than paying close attention to numbers on a scale, the U. S. and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth: we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around, climb and jump, ride and skate.

Why is it so hard to get kids moving? Experts blame the problem on the privatization of sports — as public investment in school-based athletics dwindles, expensive private leagues have grown, leaving many kids out. In addition to fewer opportunities at school, researchers cite increased screen time and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home. New York City, for example, had 2,067 public playgrounds as of 2019 — a very small amount for its large population. In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park.

Kids everywhere need more places to play. Public funding to build and keep up these areas is crucial, but other options such as shared-use agreements can make unused spaces available to the public. These opportunities aren't primarily about changing children's waistlines — they're how we keep childhood healthy and fun.

(1) What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. Childhood obesity is well under control in recent years. B. Weight-loss surgery are recommended to children 12 and older. C. AAP plays a more active role in fighting against childhood obesity. D. Expensive as it is, lifestyle programs are practical for most children.
(2) The underlined word "dwindle" is closest in meaning to ____. A. decline B. quit C. increase D. develop
(3)  In the author's opinion, what measures should be taken to create more safe areas? A. Prepare fitness equipment at home. B. Live within walking distance of a park. C. Promote investment in private athletics. D. Open up playgrounds when school's out.
(4)  What's the main idea of the text? A. Sports play an important role in children's growth. B. More safe areas for outdoor fun are in urgent need. C. Family-oriented lifestyles are crucial to children's health. D. Medical intervention is important to ease psychological burden.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3.阅读理解

You may not realize it, but when you stare at your partner's eyes, there's a good chance that you're looking at a modified reflection of yourself? Researchers have found that people choose partners who tend to be of similar size, shape ,and race as themselves… and they may even have facial features in common.

Take Lot Geels from Amsterdam and her American husband, Brock Mosovsky, for example. "We have similar blonde hair and blue eyes," says Lot. "Neither of us is very tall. We're both built athletically and we're both mainly of European origin. "

Even if you't look like your partner, you likely share nonphysical characteristics, according to a growing field of research. Tike education level, socioeconomic status, religion, personality features, and even core (核心) values.

Lot andBrock fall into this type as well." We both have PhDs and work in research," she says. "We both live an active lifestyle, mainly rock climbing and skiing. Our world views are pretty similar, and we're both hard-working, social and friendly people.

Researchers have been studying the phenomenon of people with similarities pairing up known as positive assortative coupling一for decades. If you're sure that "opposites attract", you may be surprised by research findings, which prove that like attracts like. However, if you believe that "likes attract", you probably understand why people surprisingly seek life partners. who remind them, on some comforting level, of themselves.

"There's an element of predictability- when you date Somebody of a similar background," says Ty Tashiro, the author of The Science of Happily Ever After. "They're less threatening, less scary. They'll be more of a familiar person front the start. Familiarity is something we find attractive. "

(1) What can we infer about Lot and Brock? A. They have the same hair and eyes. B. They both come from wealthy families. C. They are attracted by each other's similarities. D. They both have the same cultural back ground.
(2) Which of the following is close to the underlined expression "positive assortative"? A. Of the preferred type. B. Of the different type.  C. Of the similar type. D. Of the original type.
(3) Why do people try to find similar people as partners according to Ty Tashiro? A. They are comfortable to; stay. with. B. They are more threatening and scarier. C. They can develop the same; hobbies and interests. D. They have the same status and background.
(4) What message doe's the author try to convey? A. Love me; love 'my dog. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. A good wife makes a good husband. D. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通