阅读理解Is your promotion really necessary? Many workers focus their hopes on climbing the scale of their organizations. The prospect of higher pay helps explain their ambition,but so does the greater status that comes with each successive(连续的) title.This climb can often end in disappointment. The Peter Principle, developed by Laurence Peter for a book published in 1969, states that workers get promoted until they reach their level of incompetence. It makes perfect sense. If you are good at your job, you rise up the career ladder. Eventually, there will be a job you are not good at and at that point your career will stop.There is another problem with chasing the promotion fantasy. Many companies have a strong tendency to promote the best sales people. Convincing others to buy goods and services is a useful skill, requiring charm and persistence. But, as the authors point out, these are not the same capabilities as the strategic planning and administrative competence needed to lead a sales team.The research then looked at what happened after these super-salespeople were promoted Their previous sales performance was actually a negative indicator of managerial success.The sales growth of workers assigned to the star sellers was 7.5 percentage points lower than for those whose managers were previously weaker performers.The trick to avoiding this curse is to stick to what you like doing. If you enjoy teaching, don't be a headmaster or college principal. If you like writing articles and columns, editing other people's work may not give the same degree of satisfaction.Another problem with pursuing frequent promotions is that it turns you into a supplicant, endlessly in search of favourable feedback from the higher-ups. This can lead you to lose control of your work-life balance. In Charles Handy's new book, 21 Letters On Life And Its Challenges, the experienced management theorist recalls an insight when working for Royal Dutch Shell,an oil giant. "In exchange for the promise of financial security and guaranteed work, I had sold my time to complete strangers with my permission for them to use that time for their own purpose," he writes.The higher up the ladder you go, the greater the demands are likely to be on your time.The chief executive will expect you to be available at weekends: after all, that is why you get paid the big bucks.So that shiny promotion may not be for everyone. Beware the curse of overwork an/dissatisfaction. Some people like to devote their whole lives to their job and be at the centre of events. It is best to let them get on with it.

1. 阅读理解

Is your promotion really necessary? Many workers focus their hopes on climbing the scale of their organizations. The prospect of higher pay helps explain their ambition,but so does the greater status that comes with each successive(连续的) title.

This climb can often end in disappointment. The Peter Principle, developed by Laurence Peter for a book published in 1969, states that workers get promoted until they reach their level of incompetence. It makes perfect sense. If you are good at your job, you rise up the career ladder. Eventually, there will be a job you are not good at and at that point your career will stop.

There is another problem with chasing the promotion fantasy. Many companies have a strong tendency to promote the best sales people. Convincing others to buy goods and services is a useful skill, requiring charm and persistence. But, as the authors point out, these are not the same capabilities as the strategic planning and administrative competence needed to lead a sales team.

The research then looked at what happened after these super-salespeople were promoted Their previous sales performance was actually a negative indicator of managerial success.The sales growth of workers assigned to the star sellers was 7.5 percentage points lower than for those whose managers were previously weaker performers.

The trick to avoiding this curse is to stick to what you like doing. If you enjoy teaching, don't be a headmaster or college principal. If you like writing articles and columns, editing other people's work may not give the same degree of satisfaction.

Another problem with pursuing frequent promotions is that it turns you into a supplicant, endlessly in search of favourable feedback from the higher-ups. This can lead you to lose control of your work-life balance. In Charles Handy's new book, 21 Letters On Life And Its Challenges, the experienced management theorist recalls an insight when working for Royal Dutch Shell,an oil giant. "In exchange for the promise of financial security and guaranteed work, I had sold my time to complete strangers with my permission for them to use that time for their own purpose," he writes.

The higher up the ladder you go, the greater the demands are likely to be on your time.The chief executive will expect you to be available at weekends: after all, that is why you get paid the big bucks.

So that shiny promotion may not be for everyone. Beware the curse of overwork an/dissatisfaction. Some people like to devote their whole lives to their job and be at the centre of events. It is best to let them get on with it.

(1) What can we learn about"The Peter Principle"? A. People's careers are easily spoiled by unrealistic expectations. B. There are to some degree certain ceilings in people's career paths C. Incompetent employees tend to have more chances to gain promotions D. People don't necessarily get promoted by virtue of their competence

(2) Why is Charles Handy's new book 21 Letters On Life And Its Challenges mentioned? A. To put forward useful suggestions on how to get promoted B. To show how many challenges we face without getting promoted C. To illustrate the serious consequences of the pursuit of promotion D. To prove the economic security brought along by the promotion.

(3) Which of the following might be the best title of this passage? A. The Promotion Satisfaction B. The Promotion Curse C. The Promotion Strategies D. The Promotion Prospect

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阅读理解未知普通

1.阅读理解

AI, 5G and other digital technologies are not only changing our lives but shaping the economy as well.

China's six major commercial banks are stepping up digital wallet efforts to provide new trend for the E-CNY (电子人民币) trials in the country. The purpose, China's bankers said, is not aimed at taking the place of privately-run payment platforms, such as Alipay and WeChat Pay. Instead, this official electronic payment system is being done so that all cash in circulation (流通) can be followed.

Compared with Alipay and WeChat payments, E-CNY features anonymity (匿名) and security.

E-commerce platforms that accept payments via E-CNY will not have access to users' personal information. E-CNY users can open an anonymous digital wallet by registering a mobile phone number, and their information won't be revealed to any third-party institutions. E-CNY users' privacy protection is at the highest level among all the existing payment tools.

Similar to Alipay and WeChat payments, using E-CNY requires an account. After getting the other party's account number, users can enter the amount of digital money to be paid and then enter the password to complete the transaction (交易). However, the processes behind these transactions are different. For electronic payments, the money has to go through a third party, and the receivers will get the money only when they withdraw it from banks. But E-CNY transactions only need a payer and a receiver. Therefore, it guarantees risk-free payments, helps prevent financial crimes and improves the efficiency of transactions.

In simple terms, E-CNY can be considered "money", while electronic payments are like "wallets". The successful launch of the E-CNY may change the existing market structure, which is mainly dominated by Alipay and WeChat Pay now. The banks may return to a leading position in the digital currency system. But China's central bank won't get more money into circulation, since every yuan issued digitally will basically cancel one yuan circulating in physical form.

(1) Why are commercial banks in China making efforts on E-CNY trials? A. They aim to cut down the use of bank cards. B. They want to get rid of paper currency. C. They intend to track the cash in circulation. D. They plan to replace privately-run payment platforms.

(2) What can users benefit when using E-CNY compared with electronic payments? A. People won't worry about their private information exposure. B. People can finish the transaction without any password. C. People can do the transaction at a very low fee. D. People can withdraw money from banks free of charge.

(3) What does the underlined word "dominated" in the last paragraph mean? A. assessed B. accessed C. controlled D. charged

(4) What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage? A. More E-CNY in circulation will disturb the normal economy. B. The E-CNY will shake the position of real paper money. C. The E-CNY has a promising future. D. The E-CNY has the equal functions as the paper currency.

阅读理解常考题普通

2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Adults are often embarrassed about asking for help. It's an act that can make people feel sensitive. The moment you ask for directions， after all，you reveal（泄露）that you may be lost. Seeking someone's assistance can make you feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don't seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason.

To learn more about how children think about seeking help, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others.

Children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. They could still conceive of（想象）situations in which the kid who wanted to seem smart would seek help: when assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.

We also found that they recognize several more behaviors that might make a child appear less smart in front of fellow kids, such as admitting to failure or modestly downplaying successes. Children are therefore acutely aware of several ways in which a person's actions might make them appear less clever in the eyes of others.

However, a number of solutions can be found to help children. Our first instinct may be to motivate seeking help by emphasizing its educational benefits. But reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. For example, instructors could create activities in which each student becomes an "expert" on a different topic, and then children must ask one another for help to master all of the material. If seeking help is understood as a commonplace classroom activity, kids may be less likely to think of it as indicative（表明）of one's ability.

Seeking help could even be framed as socially desirable. After all, asking for help often benefits not just the help seeker but also others listening in who have similar questions or struggles.

(1) What feature do the adults and young children share? A. They seldom ask for directions. B. They are afraid of being laughed at. C. They hesitate to seek assistance. D. They regard themselves as incompetence.

(2) What conclusion can be drawn from the research? A. Teachers should praise kids for seeking assistance. B. Assistance only works when sought privately. C. It seems possible that children themselves are not struggling. D. Children care deeply about the way others think about them.

(3) How does the author explain the solution in Paragraph 5? A. By making a comparison. B. By referring to an example. C. By introducing a concept. D. By telling a school story.

(4) Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Why Kids Are Afraid to Ask for Help. B. Seeking Help Makes Kids Feel Uncomfortable. C. Unwillingness to Seek Help Stop Academic Progress. D. How Can We Help Children Overcome the Barrier.

阅读理解常考题普通

3.阅读理解

A change to organic dairy forming around the nature reserves could significantly reduce damage done to the areas by nitrogen (氮) produced by solid waste from cows, according to a research.

Concentrated animal farming near Natura 2000 areas was banned in 2002. However, 800 farms still remain in the outer edge of these protected areas, some of which are particularly damaging to the environment.

Researchers looked at 34 organic farms to see how organic fanning practices compared with those large-scale factory farms. They found that cows at organic farms produced 22% less nitrogen in their waste, while the amount of emissions per hectare (公顷) was 53% lower.

"The reason why organic farming is less polluting is that farms generally have fewer cows and don't use fertilizer," said researchers. Organic cows are also put out to grassland more often and aren't given concentrates (精饲料) to the same degree, which also limits emissions.

While organic dairy farms would make a good protective barrier against nitrogen around the nature reserves, this doesn't hold true for organic chicken and pig farms, the research showed.

"Despite the good it would do, not many dairy farmers are likely to make the change," researcher Gerard Migchels said. "The organic sector is currently relatively small. Growth is only possible if there is enough market demand. That would make it possible to come to a realistic price for organic milk J he said.

In 2019, some 40,000 cows in the Netherlands were farmed organically, accounting for just 1% of the Dutch herd of 3. 8 million.

According to a government report, 46% of nitrogen compound (复合物) pollution around nature reserves is down to agriculture, to which dairy fanning contributes 60%. The new law on nitrogen emissions aims to reduce pollution by 40% by 2025 and 74% by 2035.

(1) What can we infer about organic dairy farming around nature reserves from the text? A. It helps dairy farmers collect nitrogen. B. It is relatively environmentally friendly. C. It has replaced traditional dairy farming. D. It saves dairy farmers a great deal of trouble.

(2) What is special about organic cows? A. They eat less grass. B. They are often larger in size. C. Their waste contains less nitrogen. D. Their waste can also serve as fertilizer.

(3) How might Gerard Migchels feel about the current situation of organic dairy farming? A. Rather hopeless. B. Fairly content. C. Particularly surprised. D. Kind of sad.

(4) What's the author's main purpose of writing this text? A. To introduce the benefit of organic dairy farming. B. To compare different types of farming practices. C. To seek financial support for organic dairy fanning. D. To encourage people to drink more organic milk.

阅读理解常考题普通