1. 阅读理解

Five times stronger than steel, spider silk's unique qualities were recognized by the Ancient Greeks—and more recently, scientists have looked at applications from medicine to engineering. Now, a Japanese startup, Spiber, has begun to change the textile industry with this remarkable material. 

The company started by making a substitute in the lab that is similar to spider silk in structure. After studying thousands of different spider species and other silk-producing life forms, Spiber successfully produced an alternative to spider silk. This breakthrough was achieved by fermenting (发酵) a mixture of water, sugar, and nutrients with special microbes to produce protein polymers (聚合物). These polymers are then made into fibers, paving the way for a range of innovative fabrics. 

However, shifting from lab to practical application presented challenges. In 2015, Spiber partnered with The North Face Japan to produce a limited-edition run of 50 "Moon Parka" jackets to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the moon landings. But during the design process, the team discovered that spider silk became smaller when exposed to water, and had to transform the protein to make the fiber suitable for an outdoor jacket, which took them four years to perfect. 

Currently, the company uses sugarcane and corn for its fermentation process—crops that use large volumes of land and change food resources. To reduce its environmental impact, Spiber is developing a process called "biosphere circulation" that will transform deserted clothes made from natural materials like cotton into the sugars needed for fermentation. 

With approximately 100 billion yen ($783 million) in funding, Spiber plans to significantly speed up its production of protein polymers by the end of 2025. "Mass production will help bring the price of fibers down and allow Spiber to expand beyond the high-end designer market and thus we have the means to create solutions to enable more circular fashion," says Higashi, head of business development at Spiber. "It's our mission to bring those solutions to the world."

(1) What breakthrough did Spiber achieve in the early research? A. It mixed various protein polymers. B. It produced a silk making machine. C. It identified different spider species. D. It created a replacement for spider silk.
(2) What was the challenge in making the "Moon Parka" jackets? A. High design costs. B. Spider silk's sensitivity to water. C. Limited raw materials. D. The partner's unwillingness to help.
(3) What can we know about Spiber's "biosphere circulation" process? A. It will replace the current fermentation process. B. It will use recycled materials for needed sugars. C. It will promote the development of food industry. D. It will simplify the procedure of clothing production.
(4) What is Spiber's plan? A. To raise more money for mass production. B. To increase the output of protein polymers. C. To work with other high-end fashion brands. D. To develop a wider range of expensive fibers.
【考点】
细节理解题; 故事阅读类; 记叙文;
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阅读理解 未知 普通
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1. 阅读理解

"So, Mr. Albert, you've told us about your strengths but what about your weaknesses?" It's a common interview question. To which a classic humblebrag (谦虚自夸) reply is, "Well. I must admit that I'm a bit of a perfectionist." After all, what company wouldn't want to employ somebody who seeks perfection? But it turns out that there is a profound difference between high-achievers and perfectionists. In a cruel irony, the perfectionist traits could actually prevent someone from achieving their full potential.

The roots of perfectionism actually lie in a deep desire to feel perfect. Most often a perfectionist personality is formed in reaction to some form of childhood trauma. For example, following her parents' divorce, a young girl might strive to always be good, to always be perfect because at some level she believes that it must have been her fault that her parents separated. So as long as she is perfect, nothing so terrible would happen again. 

Given such origins, it appears that the thinking and emotional styles associated with perfectionism are particularly dangerous to mental health. Think of the harshest and merciless perfectionists you know. They always, always, always find fault. Their cognitive (认知) styles include all-or-nothing thinking, where only perfection is seen as an acceptable result; fear of failure, where a perfectionist is driven by fear rather than pulled by the prospect of success in their endeavors; defensiveness in the face of constructive criticism. All of these seem to be linked to a wide range of psychological problems including eating disorders, anxiety and depression, and even suicide. 

Changing this mindset is the key to treating the condition when it becomes a disorder but it is difficult to achieve. Perfectionists are essentially in an abusive relationship with themselves. It's hard enough to withdraw from abusive relationships with others. How much harder is it when you yourself are the abuser? So perhaps a better answer to the interview question posed at the start of this article would be, "I used to be a perfectionist but now I'm well on the road to recovery."

(1) Why does the author mention the interview question in paragraph 1? A. To provide an example. B. To introduce the topic. C. To support the argument. D. To attract the readers' interest.
(2) Who will most probably become a perfectionist? A. A high- achiever. B. A person who always finds fault. C. An overconfident man. D. A son of a violent alcoholic father.
(3) What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Perfectionism often has three different types. B. Perfectionism has a bad effect on physical health. C. Perfectionism is caused by high personal standard. D. Perfectionism is a risk factor for psychological disorders.
(4) What does the author think of perfectionism? A. It's hard for people to get rid of it. B. It drives people to achieve success. C. It's more of a strength than a weakness. D. It inevitably leads to mental problems.
阅读理解 未知 困难
2.阅读理解

Mickey, Minnie, Donald Duck, Pinocchio, and more Disney characters all have some-thing in common-gloves. Although there are many surprising facts about Disney's characters, putting gloves on them is actually a reasonable move.

The short answer as to why so many characters wear gloves is that animation(动画制作)is a difficult process. It takes time and efforts to create the characters you know and love. Animators wanted to make their job easier and faster with a few techniques. One of these techniques was using round edges(边) instead of angles. So this also meant making some parts simple, such as hands, to make the amination process quicker.

Still, in the age of black-and-white cartoons, separating characters' round-edged hands from their black bodies was hard. Gloves were an easy way to make their hands stand out. In fact, Walt Disney might have been the first to put gloves on his characters. Once animation moved away from black and white, Mickey and his friends kept their white gloves.

Besides keeping the animation simple, Walt Disney told his biographer, Bob Thomas, that the gloves existed for another reason: to make the mouse more like a human. "We didn't want him to have mouse hands because he was supposed to be more human, "Disney told Thomas in 1957. "So we gave him gloves. Five fingers seemed like too much on such a little figure, so we took away one. That was just one less finger to animate. "All this Disney's talk makes us want to go back and look at photos of Mickey Mouse.

(1) Why were round edges used in animation? A. They looked more beautiful. B. They could be copied more easily. C. They could make the creating job easier. D. They were more popular with children.
(2) What can we know about Mickey Mouse? A. It is like a human with five fingers. B. Its hands are different from humans'. C. Gloves help it stand out among all characters. D. It wore gloves in the past but it doesn't nowadays.
(3) What does the Disney's talk make people do? A. Enjoy Mickey's beauty. B. Count Mickey's fingers. C. Recall our childhood. D. Check Mickey's gloves' color.
(4) What does the text mainly talk about? A. How Disney created his characters. B. What difference Disney characters have. C. What makes Disney characters so popular. D. Why Disney characters wear white gloves.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通
3.阅读理解

Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it's more pressing than we may think.

Some may say that a banana peel out of your car along the motorway would be a harmless action. Actually,they are wrong. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that's a whole lot of discarded banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解)term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.

Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK's mouse population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn't so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an amazing 500 per cent.

It's not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spent £500 million on keeping the streets clean.

So, it's not surprising that if caught fly-tipping, you could face a f20, 000 fine. Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2, 000 were punished out of 825, 000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.

To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.

(1) Which of the following is easiest to decompose comparatively? A. An orange peel. B. A plastic bag. C. An aluminum can. D. A glass bottle.
(2) What can we know from Para.3? A. Annual littering has increased a little in UK since the 1960s. B. Shorter-lasting materials will be less harmful to the environment. C. Cigarette-related litter is a severe environmental problem in UK. D. Regular littering has caused the UK's mouse population to reach 60 million.
(3) Which of the following can best describe UK's punishment on littering according to Para.4? A. Every little helps. B. A drop in the bucket. C. No pains, no gains. D. More haste, less speed.
(4) What is the best title of the passage? A. Rubbish collection, an urgent task. B. Environment issue, a big concern. C. Littering, a surprisingly big issue. D. Long-lasting material, a hidden danger.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通