1. 阅读理解

Nowadays, the world is slowly becoming a high-tech society and we are now surrounded by technology. Facebook and Twitter are innovative tools; text messaging is still a somewhat existing phenomenon and even e-mail is only a flashing spot on the screen when compared with our long history of snail mail. Now we adopt these tools to the point of essentialness, and only rarely consider how we are more fundamentally affected by them. 

Social media, texting and e-mail all make it much easier to communicate, gather and pass information. But they also present some dangers. By removing any real human engagement, they enable us to develop our abnormal self-love without the risk of disapproval or criticism theatrical metaphor (隐喻), these new forms of communication provide a stage on which we create our own characters, hidden behind a fourth wall of tweets, status updates and texts. This unreal state of unconcern can become addictive as we separate ourselves a safe distance from the cruelty of our fleshly lives, where we are imperfect, powerless and insignificant. In essence, we have been provided not only the means to be more free, but also to become new, to create and protect a more perfect self to the world. As we become more reliant on these tools, they become more a part of our daily routine and so we become more restricted in this fantasy. 

So it is that we live in a cold era, where names and faces represent two different levels of closeness, where working relationships occur only through the magic of email and where love can start or end by text message. An environment such as this reduces interpersonal relationships to mere digital exchanges. 

Would a celebrity have been so daring to do something dishonorable if he had had to do it in person? Doubtful. It seems he might have been lost in a fantasy world that ultimately convinced himself into believing the digital self could obey different rules and regulations, as if he could continually push the limits of what's acceptable without facing the consequences of "real life." 

(1) The author compares e-mail with snail mail to show ____.  A. the influence of high-tech on our life B. the history of different types of mails C. the value of traditional communications D. the rapid development of social media
(2) What can we know about new communication tools?  A. Destroying our life totally. B. Posing more dangers than good. C. Helping us to hide our faults. D. Replacing traditional letters.
(3) What is the potential threat caused by the novel communication tools?  A. Sheltering us from virtual life. B. Removing face-to-face interaction. C. Leading to false mental perception. D. Making us rely more on hi-tech media.
(4) What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?  A. Technologies have changed our relationships. B. The digital world is a recipe for pushing limits. C. Love can be better conveyed by text message. D. The digital self need not take responsibility.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 科普类;
【答案】

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1.阅读理解

Children grow taller in rural households where their mothers are supported to grow their own food, according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA). The research, which looked at households in some developing countries, showed growing their own food helped mothers to prevent their children from being stunted( 发育不足的), wasting away and underweight. Their children's food was more varied, meaning these children had access to different classes of food nutrients.

The team from UEA analyzed studies that introduced women to home farming in some African and Asian countries. The home farming included growing brightly colored vitamin A-rich fruit and vegetables, and sometimes also included chicken farming. The health of these women s children was assessed over the next year or more, and they did better than children of other women. No studies, however, reported on children's eye health. The researchers concluded that high-quality trials are needed to assess the impact of home fo0a production on nutritional blindness in children, which is caused by an insufficient intake of vitamin A.

Around 250 million pre-school children are deficient in vitamin A, according to the World Health Organization. Vitamin A deficiency is the main global cause of childhood blindness, which also increases the risk of dying from other childhood diseases and vitamin A plays a significant role in normal immune function. It remains one of the most widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally.

Mrs Chizoba Bassey led the team conducting the systematic review. She said," Well-evidenced interventions such as vitamin A supplementation programs should be adopted and expanded to children at greatest risk to prevent nutritional blindness. "

Currently there is not enough evidence of the effects of home gardening on xerophthalmia(干眼症), night blindness or the death rate in children, but the evidence from the research shows that if women take up home gardening, the risk of being stunted, wasting away and underweight in their children will be reduced. Home farming may help to achieve sustainability in controlling vitamin A deficiency and can assist vitamin A supplementation programs where they are available.

(1) What does the new study focus on? A. Fruit and vegetables suitable for family gardening. B. The development of farming in Africa and Asia. C. Rural children's health problems. D. Benefits of home farming.
(2) What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A. The importance of nutrients.  B. Causes of childhood blindness. C. Health risks of lack of vitamin A. D. Ways to improve kids'immune function.
(3) Which of the following may Mrs Bassey agree with? A. Nutritional blindness is preventable. B. Most of pre-school kids suffer from a nutrient deficiency. C. Home food production has proved good for children's eyes. D. Vegetables grown by housewives have higher nutritional value.
(4) What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A. The urgency of doing further research. B. The necessity of encouraging home farming. C. The difficulty in controlling vitamin A deficiency. D. The relationship between home gardening and xerophthalmia.
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2.阅读理解

A British woman, Dr. Mantri, growing up in India started to notice his son, Dhruv, was struggling with simple arithmetic when he was in fifth-grade. After noticing this, she started employing an abacus (算盘) to help her son visually comprehend mathematics.

"I would ask him something like 35 minus 13 and he couldn't do it." said Dhruv's mom Dr. Mantri. "I decided to change the way he looked at numbers," she said. "An abacus is a tried and tested method, and the Egyptians used them for building the pyramid." In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers, with even his classmates' parents reaching out for help.

She never thought she would teach her son using an abacus, which she used as a child in India and it was always helpful. Within six days she started to notice a difference and see results. So dramatic was the turnaround, that school staff asked him to perform with the abacus at an assembly, where some parents even came to ask for advice on using it for their kids.

IT specialist Dr. Mantri said the humble abacus can be used for calculations into the trillions and kids enjoy learning on it because it's like a game. "It becomes a playing tool for younger children, for it feels like a game. I think the success comes because children can touch and feel an abacus and visualize them." She added.

By the age of 12, Dhruv was giving online cyber security seminars and is now pursuing a career in data science and analytics. Dhruv has now landed an apprenticeship (实习) at an international firm. During the four-year apprenticeship, he will spend one day a week studying Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at Glasgow Caledonian University. "He is so confident now and I am so proud," she said, with Dhruv adding "I don't think my teachers would have guessed that I would be following a career in data science at that time."

(1) Why did Dhruv have difficulty in learning mathematics? A. He was faced with language barrier. B. He didn't find a proper way. C. He suffered from eyesight problems. D. He lacked academic support from the family.
(2) What does the underlined word "whizz" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Careful. B. Diligent. C. Outstanding. D. Struggling.
(3) Why do kids like learning on abacus according to the text? A. They find it appealing. B. They can calculate faster. C. They enjoy playing games. D. They are eager for success.
(4) What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Dhruv was addicted to the internet at 12. B. Dhruv is teaching data science and analytics now. C. Dhruv is a full-time student at Glasgow Caledonian University. D. Dhruv's career choice was beyond his teachers' expectation.
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3.阅读理解

By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova –not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."

Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.

"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot." Mr Titterton explained.

Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.

But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,"Mr Titterton said, "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."

Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.

"My husband is the worst page turner," she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!' "Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."

(1) What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner? A. Read music. B. Play the piano. C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
(2) Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage? A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding D. Dangerous.
(3) What does Titterton need to practise? A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the "nodding". C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
(4) Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner"? A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience. C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
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