1. 阅读理解

I used to tell my children that they were smart, because I was impressed by their rapid growth. I remember clearly watching my daughter figure out how to build a Lego house that would stand up on its own, and thinking: Look at this tiny architectural genius.

But decades of research now suggest that we should not tell our children they're "smart" when they do impressive things. When I first heard it, I felt instinctively irritated. But after I dug into the research, I was persuaded. It all goes back to something called "growth" mindset, a term developed and popularized by Carol Dweck, a professor of psychology at Stanford. Professor Dweck believes that we can change our abilities through effort and strategy. The alternative to a growth mindset is a "fixed" mindset—the idea that our abilities are inborn and can't be changed. When we praise our children for being "smart", based on victories like doing well on a test, we're unwittingly(不知不觉地) encouraging them to believe that if they do poorly or make mistakes, they're not smart.

It's not just what we say that matters, but how we tolerate our children's failures. A 2016 study by Dweck showed that parents' "failure mind-sets" affect their children more than their views on intelligence. In other words, if parents think that failure is shameful, their children are more likely to be afraid of making mistakes. The study concludes that everyone is actually a mixture of fixed and growth mindsets, continually evolving with experience. Whatever we say or don't say to our kids, the key is to get them more comfortable with failures big or small.

It's helpful for kids to understand that you make mistakes and learn how they happen. When you chat with them, you can describe what you learned, or how you strategized a solution. "You don't have to deny you have negative emotional reactions," Dweck said. "We, as a society, don't do that enough because we feel embarrassed when we make mistakes." But if we discuss our missteps more and explain how we overcame them, our children can learn to do the same.

(1) How did the author feel about the research advice at first? A. It was confusing. B. It was annoying. C. It was persuasive. D. It was encouraging.
(2) What do the children with a growth mindset tend to believe? A. Smartness is the key to success. B. Difficulties in daily life teach them a lot. C. Their abilities can be improved through hard work. D. They are impressive due to their good grades on tests.
(3) What does Dweck suggest parents do? A. Help children face failures positively. B. Hide their negative feelings from children. C. Remind children to avoid making mistakes. D. Pay attention to developing children's intelligence.
(4) Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Ways to Cultivate Smart Children B. The Effect of a Fixed Mindset on Children C. The Power of Proper Praise for Children's Growth D. The Importance of a Growth Mindset in Parenting
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推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 日常生活类; 标题选择;
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阅读理解 未知 普通
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1.阅读理解

Last night my husband and I were taking a post-dinner walk in a nearby parking lot, where we saw a man bending over on the ground, crushing something with a rock. He was completely focused on his task and didn't look up at anyone passing by. We kept noticing him as we hung around the parking lot and guessed what he could be doing. I thought he was crushing stones to make sand, but why would he do that?

Finally we decided to go up and speak to him. He was crushing pieces of leftover bread that he collected from all his roommates to feed the birds that come there early morning. The large pieces of Indian bread would be difficult for the birds to eat, so he crushes them into a fine powder.

He's been doing this every night, by himself, for the last 3~4 years. What moved us more was that he was surprised when we were even taking an interest in this, since for him it wasn't a big deal. Every night, after reaching his bachelor accommodation from his job as a tailor, he goes around the village collecting leftover bread from all his housemates. He then eats a quick meal and comes here, and spends the next 1~2 hours, thoroughly crushing each piece and makes a neat pile for the birds, which will be gone by next evening.

When we asked him what motivates him to do this simple, small but committed act of service, he shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's just something small I do; so that the leftover bread doesn't go into the trash and the birds get food." We shared his story with the hope that it reminds us to be mindful of leftovers too and perhaps it might inspire someone to start something similar in their own area.

(1) Why did the couple decide to have a closer look? A. To satisfy their own curiosity. B. To show their love for wild life. C. To offer help to the great cause. D. To prepare food for birds.
(2) What does the underlined word "crushes" probably mean in Paragraph 2? A. Paints. B. Boils. C. Cooks. D. Breaks.
(3) What's the main purpose of the author sharing the story in the text? A. To ask others to collect leftover bread. B. To inspire others to crush leftover bread. C. To remind others to make use of leftover bread. D. To motivate others to make a difference to the world.
(4) What is the best title for the text? A. Meeting an Everyday Hero. B. Doing a Small Thing. C. Treating Birds Well. D. Crushing Leftover Bread.
阅读理解 常考题 普通
2. 阅读理解

In much of the western United States,drought and access to fresh water is a critical issue. However,recently California came up with a novel solution. The state approved regulations that allow agencies to purify wastewater for drinking. 'This recycled wastewater may be consumed in homes ,schools,and businesses. 

As the population in California has exploded in recent decades,the state has struggled to meet demands for fresh water. Recycled wastewater will allow the state to increase access to the precious resource. 

Recycled wastewater is not new to the state. It has previously been used in ice hockey rinks(冰球场) ,for crops,and to generate artificial snow. But now ,water agencies will have the option to put recyeled wastewater back into pipes for drinking. California is only the second stale to allow purified wastewater to be consumed. The first was Colorado in 2022. 

While the idea of drinking recycled wastewater may be off-putting , regulators spent more than a decade developing rules and regulations to ensure safely. Independent panels of scientists also reviewed the state's rules around recycled wastewater consumption. All water will be treated for pathogens(病原体) and viruses before being available for consumption. 

So far ,the state's plan has been met with approval from large water agencies. Many of them have plans to construct wastewater recycling plans over the next few years. In Southern California,the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California has set a goal aiming to produce 150 million gallons of direct and indirect recycled water per day. This water will be in the pipes of the 19 million people throughout the six counties that the agency serves. 

Officials are aware that a certain amount of public convincing may still be necessary. However, they remain optimistic about the future of the project ,reminding consumers that the water is safe, and that recycled water is already in use in California. 

(1) Why does California pass new regulations about recycled wastewater? A. To ease the pressure of drought. B. To increase the supply of fresh water. C. To recycle the wastewater for industry. D. To reduce the pollution of the wastewater.
(2) What does the underlined word" off-putting" mean in paragraph 4? A. Surprising.  B. Necessary.  C. Funny. D. Awful.
(3) What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. The goal of wastewater recycling is hard to achieve. B. The state's plan will be conducted by water agencies. C. Southern California will reduce its water production. D. People in California tend to prefer recycled water.
(4) What do the public think of the recycled water project? A. Many people still disapprove of the project. B. The public are optimistic about the project. C. It will never be suitable to use recycled water. D. The project is the only solution to water shortage.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3.阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Science on Wheels travels across Washington bringing engaging STEM programming to grades K-8 with a focus on interactive and hands-on programs that bring the joy of scientific exploration to life and enable learners to see themselves in STEM. 

Registration now! Open for 2024-2025 school year!

PROGRAM OFFERINGS LOGISTICS

Categories

Whole-Day Experiences(WDE)

Partial-Day Experiences(PDE)

Audience

Entire school

Community groups, libraries, camps, STEM nights, and more

Duration

6-8 hours

1-3 hours

Components

Includes:

-Live science show for the entire school

-40-minute programs for individual classrooms

-Pop-up exhibit

Choose one:

-45-minute live science show

-Three 45-minute hands-on workshops

-3 hours with a pop-up exhibit

Participants Served

6-15 classrooms or groups(100-480 participants per day)

-Science Show: Up to 400 participants

-Workshops: 1-3 classrooms or groups with up to 32 participants each

-Exhibit Exploration: Up to 300 participants

Price*

$2. 375-$3. 450

$750 -$1, 500

Location

-Local and Western Washington year round

-Eastern Washington seasonally

(September-early November and March-June)

Local only** year round

*Funding is available for qualifying schools, libraries, and community groups. 

**Some partial-day programming is available regionally with additional travel fees. Inquire for more info. 

Programs are designed to support current science standards and arouse curiosity and a love of exploration and experimentation in students. We have a series of classes for each age group for each theme. Pacific Science Center educators bring all of the activity materials for these programs, but schools will need to provide tables. 

(1) What does the text intend the readers to do? A. Sign up. B. Learn STEM. C. Explore themselves.  D. Focus on interactions. 
(2) How many types of programs does Science on Wheels offer? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
(3)  What can we learn about the program? A. PDE is only for school. B. Financial support is provided. C. WDE participants have to choose one activity. D. It offers year-round service throughout Washington.
阅读理解 未知 普通