阅读理解One of the earliest forms of writing which is still being used today is Chinese characters, or hanzi. The image that many people have of Chinese characters is that they are all pictograms, but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of items to buy at the store, but they are fairly useless if one is writing something more complex or abstract. So it is a mistake to assume that written Chinese is a "picture language"．Besides pictograms, there are simple ideograms. These are characters which provide an abstract picture of an idea, but in an often easily recognizable form. For example, "up" is "上" while "down" is "下". While the meanings of many ideograms are not this easy to work out, they tend to be simple, easy-to-remember characters which are commonly used.Next we have a common category of hanzi: compound characters. These are where elements of two or more characters are combined in one character for a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. In many cases, however, the meanings of compound characters are more difficult to work out.Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they were often used to mean other words that had the same pronunciation. A good example of this is "目". While it can be used in modern Chinese with the meaning "eye", it is most often used to mean "an item on a list". The reason was that Chinese had a word for "an item on a list" but lacked a character for it, so the word took the character "目", a character with the same pronunciation.A final category of Chinese characters is by far the most common. These are phonetic-semantic characters. With phonetic-semantic characters, one element of each character gives a clue to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning.Over the centuries, Chinese characters have continually been developed, with a trend towards the simple and more abstract. It was thought that the complexity of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out simplified Chinese characters.

1.阅读理解

One of the earliest forms of writing which is still being used today is Chinese characters, or hanzi. The image that many people have of Chinese characters is that they are all pictograms, but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of items to buy at the store, but they are fairly useless if one is writing something more complex or abstract. So it is a mistake to assume that written Chinese is a "picture language"．

Besides pictograms, there are simple ideograms. These are characters which provide an abstract picture of an idea, but in an often easily recognizable form. For example, "up" is "上" while "down" is "下". While the meanings of many ideograms are not this easy to work out, they tend to be simple, easy-to-remember characters which are commonly used.

Next we have a common category of hanzi: compound characters. These are where elements of two or more characters are combined in one character for a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. In many cases, however, the meanings of compound characters are more difficult to work out.

Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they were often used to mean other words that had the same pronunciation. A good example of this is "目". While it can be used in modern Chinese with the meaning "eye", it is most often used to mean "an item on a list". The reason was that Chinese had a word for "an item on a list" but lacked a character for it, so the word took the character "目", a character with the same pronunciation.

A final category of Chinese characters is by far the most common. These are phonetic-semantic characters. With phonetic-semantic characters, one element of each character gives a clue to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning.

Over the centuries, Chinese characters have continually been developed, with a trend towards the simple and more abstract. It was thought that the complexity of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out simplified Chinese characters.

(1) Why are pictograms sometimes not practical for use in a writing system? A. They are only available for shopping. B. They are too complex for people to learn. C. They cannot convey abstract ideas very well. D. They are quite complicated and difficult to write.

(2) What do we know about compound characters according to the passage? A. They are drawings of objects used in a writing system. B. They are characters which use elements of two or more characters. C. They are characters used in a writing system to convey abstract concepts. D. They are characters which give clues to both the meaning and pronunciation.

(3) Which of the following categories does the character "模" belong to? A. Pictograms. B. Phonetic loan characters. C. Ideograms. D. Phonetic-semantic characters.

(4) What would be the benefit of simplifying Chinese characters according to the passage? A. Creating a standard character set for China. B. Visualizing the image of Chinese characters. C. Popularizing the use of Chinese characters. D. Reproducing a high-grade character for calligraphy.

【考点】

推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 社会文化类;

【答案】

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阅读理解未知普通

1.阅读理解

Major carmakers are looking to expand the production and sales of electric vehicles (EVs) in the coming years. They're also seeking new ways to reuse batteries, without which more expenses may be added to EVs, though manufacturers guarantee their batteries for 8 to 10years. But few batteries are recycled currently, meaning their materials are reused.

Most recycling methods under development involve breaking the batteries down into smaller pieces. Whose procedure is complex. Then, different processes are used to separate the metallic elements. That means more labors are needed.

However, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report about the development of the EV market in 2020. The IEA noted that in most cases, the main elements of end-of-life EV battery systems can be repurposed, or used in a new way. In addition, the IEA said used batteries that still hold between 70 to 80 percent of their power capacity could be reused for "less demanding stationary storage". This could include using old EV batteries to store power for a main electricity system.

Nevada-based Redwood Materials, one of the main American businesses, seeks to recycle the most common EV battery materials. The company was started in 2019 by J. B. Straubel. The company's methods include hydrometallurgy and pyro metallurgy. Which use high heat to separate the metals, Straubel told the Associated Press that the reward far outweighs the investment though his company is still heavily investing in operations and technology. He added that there's really quite a hunger for these materials and that the metals used in EV batteries can be effectively recycled many times.

Another company, Canada's Li-Cycle, has opened several new processing centers in recent years and has plans to launch more. Li-Cycle says on its website its newest centers will have the capacity to recycle up to 10, 000 tons of the batteries per year, American Manganese, another Canadian company, plans to open a "demonstration plant" in Vancouver that aims to process about 50o kilograms of the battery waste every day.

These companies help solve problems related to the limited availability. With the disturbances resolved, the boom of EVs are knocking at the door.

(1) Why are most carmakers seeking new ways to use batteries again? A. To seek partners. B. To cut costs. C. To follow suit. D. To do charity.

(2) What can best describe the current recycling processes? A. Complex and costly. B. Dangerous and demanding. C. Simple and cheap. D. Limited and safe.

(3) What does Straubel think of the recycling processes Redwood currently uses? A. Controversial. B. Insecure. C. Profitable. D. Steady.

(4) What can be inferred from the examples mentioned in the text? A. All carmakers have recycled batteries. B. EV batteries can only be recycled on newest centers. C. Recycling is a truly win-win strategy. D. It is a double-edged sword to recycle.

阅读理解模拟题普通

2. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

Museums in Amsterdam

The capital of the Netherlands is packed with fantastic art and culture. The best of best in Amsterdam is its museums. We've ranked the absolute best in the city, so you'll know what to prioritize.

Anne Frank House 63, 857 reviews, 9:00 AM-6:00 PM, adults $17.58.

The Anne Frank House is a museum devoted to Jewish wartime diarist Anne Frank. As a visitor, you experience this story through an audio tour, quotes, photos, videos, and original items.

Van Gogh Museum 55,073 reviews,9: 00 AM -5:00 PM, adults $32.36.

Discover the world's largest collection of works by Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh, featuring masterpieces such as Sunflowers, The Potato Eaters, Almond Blossom and The Bedroom.

Rijksmuseum 47,791 reviews,9:00 AM-5:00 PM, adults $71.38.

The Rijksmuseum is the museum of the Netherlands. The completely newly-improved Rijksmuseum tells the story of the Netherlands from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. A new display of the collection, a renewed building and garden and new public facilities will definitely be the new attractions to the visitors.

NEMO Science Museum 44,487 reviews, 10:00 AM-5:30 PM, adults $ 19. 53.

Expand your world at NEMO Science Museum. In the largest science museum of the Netherlands, you will find proof that science and technology can be appealing for all ages. The remarkable building on top of the IJ-tunnel offers five floors of exciting hands-on activities. The brilliant roof terrace（露台） has a magnificent view over Amsterdam and the Eastern Docklands. The cafes there are the perfect places to sit back, relax and enjoy a drink.

(1) Which museum exhibits the objects in the war? A. Van Gogh Museum. B. Rijksmuseum. C. Anne Frank House. D. NEMO Science Museum.

(2) What's special about the NEMO Science Museum? A. There is a vivid description of the past. B. It has a place for a bird view of the city. C. It provides various ways to enjoy a story. D. There are abundant collections of art works.

(3) In what order are the museums listed? A. The price of tickets. B. The length of history. C. The duration of opening hours. D. The number of comments.

阅读理解未知普通

3.阅读理解

At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: "Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful." I felt my breath catch. I was curious.

Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, "old", "barley (薏米)" and "warm".

When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought.

In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters' techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. "You need to be braver," he once observed. "Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画)." For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me.

I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, "When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you've applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine." I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully.

During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: "This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours." He might as well have said, "This word is you."

(1) What did the author initially think of her name "Chen Yiwen"? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed.

(2) The author decided to learn calligraphy to ____. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community

(3) From the teacher's words, the author learns that calligraphy ____. A. reflects the creator's spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice

(4) What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create.

阅读理解未知困难