1. 阅读理解

In her latest gardening story, Jessica Damiano tells of the garden pests and diseases she has seen in her plants. She suggests acting quickly when dealing with these issues, as they can rapidly spread and cause significant damage to plant health and growth.

Her measure always begins with the gentlest treatment possible. She only intensifies her treatments when necessary. Even then, she has her limits. Damiano says she would rather lose a flower or vegetable plant than use strong chemicals. In the case of her tomato plants, Damiano caught the aphids, a pest, early. She washed them off and removed the ones that would not come off by using her fingers under moving water.

Had the invasion been severe or the water and finger removal method been ineffective, she would have used Neem oil. This organic oil from Neem tree seeds, kills aphids and is safe for plants that will be consumed. However, she would apply it after sunset when helpful insects are less active.

On the same day, Damiano also found scarlet lily beetles on her Asiatic lily plants. They cover themselves in waste. This makes them less appealing to those that would want to eat them. But the coating also protects them from chemicals, making them difficult to remove. To fight against them, she physically tapped the beetles into a mixture of water, soap, vinegar, or household cleaners.

Her rhododendron, a flowering plant, got attacked by a pest called azalea bark scale last summer. When she noticed the return of these white insects this year, she immediately removed the infested leaves. For the remaining leaves with a few pests, she was able to remove them by touching each insect with some rubbing alcohol.

By working early, Damiano slowed or stopped infestations that could have killed her plants. The same would be true for diseases, many of which also respond better to early treatments.

(1) What does Jessica do with garden pests initially? A. Act quickly with chemicals. B. Try to remove them manually. C. Get rid of the plants with them. D. Allow them to spread naturally.
(2) When will Jessica use Neem oil to control aphids? A. They appear on her plants. B. She notices some signs of them. C. Helpful insects disappear. D. Her manual method doesn't work.
(3) What is the purpose of Jessica's story? A. To inform readers about types of garden pests and diseases. B. To encourage readers to use organic methods for pest control. C. To share her personal experience with garden pests and diseases. D. To warn readers about the dangers of using strong chemicals on plants.
(4) What can be inferred from Jessica's gardening practice? A. Leaving the pests unattended helps her garden recover. B. Removing all her plants to fight against pests works best. C. Using strong chemicals as early as possible functions best. D. Handling garden pests and diseases early turns out effective.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 故事阅读类; 记叙文;
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1.阅读理解

Feeling exhausted at the end of a long day of video-conferencing? Do your back, shoulders and mind ache after a Zoom meeting marathon? Do you miss the morning small talk at the office's water fountain and the face-to-face interaction with your favourite colleague?

If you answer yes to any of these questions, believe me, you're one of millions suffering from Zoom fatigue (疲劳), named after the popular video-conferencing app. Recent figures in fact indicate that four in 10 remote workers report suffering from a sense of physical and mental exhaustion that accompanies the long screen engagement and the lack of face-to-face interaction during the workday.

In March 2020 — when the World Health Organisation declared the COVID-19 pandemic — there was a sudden and violent impact on work habits. Employers rushed to shift their workforce to remote working globally. Although the rush toward remote working and virtual learning has its advantages — think, for example, of how much shorter commutes (通勤) are — it does not come without costs. The clinical community has widely acknowledged the threat that Zoom fatigue poses to mental health.

Zoom fatigue has become so widespread that a group of scientists from the University of Gothenburg and Stanford University developed the Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue Scale. This scale might be used as an assessment tool to better understand this condition.

The specific causes of Zoom fatigue are still unknown, but it is widely accepted that one of the contributing factors is the worker's urge to multitask during video calls. This phenomenon, which is also common in distracted driving, is motivated by our tendency to stay active following boredom or a short break in job performance.

While the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health are still unknown, it is not too far-fetched to expect that should this issue not get properly addressed, it would add to the mental and physical burden that COVID-19 will have had on remote workers, and the population as a whole.

(1) Which of the following statements about people suffering from Zoom fatigue is true? A. They cooperate better with colleagues. B. They feel tired physically and mentally. C. They enjoy having long meetings online. D. They avoid face-to-face interaction with others.
(2) What is probably a contributing factor of Zoom fatigue? A. The high mental demand in the workplace. B. The extreme boredom of working remotely. C. The anxiety about the reduced productivity. D. The desire to multitask during online meetings.
(3) How does the author sound in the last paragraph? A. Hopeful. B. Humorous. C. Concerned. D. Tolerant. 
阅读理解 模拟题 普通
2.阅读理解

James Rilling of Emory University in Atlanta published the study in The Royal Society in November, 2021. His team surveyed 50 grandmothers each with one biological grandchild between 3 and 12 years old and one of their own child. They also measured the brain function as the participants viewed pictures of their grandchild and the same-sex parent of the grandchild. Researchers found that grandmothers viewing their grandchild's pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy (共鸣) and movement.

In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive (认知的) empathy. That indicates they may be trying to cognitively understand what their adult child is thinking or feeling and why, but not as much from the emotional side. Compared, with results from an earlier study by the Rilling lab of fathers viewing photos of their children, results showed that grandmothers activated more parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and motivation.

"That suggests that grandmothers tend, to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them," Rilling said. "If their grandchild is smiling, they're feeling the child's joy. And if their grandchild is crying, they're feeling the child's pain and sorrow." In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often, associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.

It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents'Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. The announcement was signed in 1978. "Because grandparents are usually free to love, guide and befriend the young without having to take the daily responsibility for them, they can reach out past pride and fear of failure, and close the space between generations," the announcement read.

(1) How many generations were there at least in the participants'families? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
(2) What did Rilling say about grandmothers and their grandchildren in paragraph 3? A. Their cognitive abilities. B. Their important characteristics. C. Their respective preferences. D. Their emotional interaction.
(3) What did the 1978 announcement show? A. The fear of grandparents. B. The origin of Grandparents'Day. C. Grandparents'responsibilities. D. Grandparents'Day activities.
(4) What is the main idea of the text? A. Grandmothers are more likely to be emotional. B. Grandmothers empethize with their own children. C. Grandmothers hold deep bond with grandchildren. D. Grandmothers have generation gaps with grandchildren.
阅读理解 未知 困难
3.阅读理解

Jennifer Brophy, a professor of Stanford, is working on methods that she hopes will be used to improve commercial plant species so that they can survive harsh conditions. Initially, she studied green architecture in her undergraduate years. Once she started taking architecture classes, she realized it wasn't her passion—but when she encountered an article about a company that creates biofuels (生物燃料) from bacteria, something clicked. "I thought that was just the coolest thing. It got me really interested in pursuing bioengineering," she says.

Today, Brophy is developing new genetic engineering techniques that can help plants grow in various conditions. By changing the genome (基因组) of both commercial crops and soil bacteria, she thinks it's possible to help plants survive droughts.

Brophy is building what she calls "genetic circuits". Besides changing the genes within plant cells, this method also changes how and when those genes are triggered. If the plant senses a specific sugar, it can express one protein; if it senses another signal, it'll express a different protein. If both signals are there, the plant may be able to express something else entirely. "Using circuits to all these different inputs," she says.

"A plant doesn't necessarily know what's coming. It just knows whether it's hot or temperate (温和的) right now," says Brophy. This can lead to problems when weather becomes erratic. A plant that usually flowers in spring may flower in winter if there're a few unseasonably warm days. When temperatures fall again, the flowers die, which ruins a year of crops. "It'd be great to be able to communicate with plants to tell them, 'Hey, you should wait on that flowering, " she adds.

Brophy is still testing the concept in the lab using a small weedy plant called Arabidopsis. She notes engineering crops in the future may also involve genetically modifying soil bacteria. As the bacteria's surroundings change, they could potentially send out chemical signals that tell nearby plants to shift their growth accordingly. Brophy thinks engineering crops could benefit farmers and society at large.

(1) What made Brophy interested in bioengineering? A. Her undergraduate education. B. Her visit to a company. C. Her exposure to a related article. D. Her curiosity about biofuels.
(2) The method of "genetic circuits" is designed to _____________. A. create better biofuels from soil bacteria B. monitor the proteins within plant cells C. preserve species of commercial crops D. promote plants to respond to surroundings
(3) What does the underlined word "erratic" mean in Paragraph 4? A. Unpleasant. B. Unstable. C. Unbearable. D. Unaffected.
(4) What is the best title of the passage? A. Jennifer Brophy, a brilliant bioengineering scientist. B. Climate change, a tough problem around the world. C. Genetic circuits, a smart method to help crops survive. D. Genetic engineering, a new technique to produce crops.
阅读理解 未知 普通