1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.

Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: " Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.

When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.

When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving(穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded(滑)up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. "I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. "Safe, man. Safe."

"Yeah," I said. "Safe."

(1) What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London? A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby. C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
(2) What do the underlined words "Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
(3) Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London? A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends. C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
(4) What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A. Children should learn a second language. B. Sport is necessary for children's health. C. Children need a sense of belonging D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 故事阅读类; 记叙文;
【答案】

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1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Jorg Muller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, with his colleagues, proposes a way to measure the biodiversity—listen to the jungle by AI, in a paper published in Nature Communications.

The rainforests are very important and always alive with the sounds of animals, which is useful to ecologists. When it comes to measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal caller is more effective than uncovering the bushes looking for tracks and paw prints. The latter analysis method is time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. Muller's idea was to apply the principle of smartphone apps which can identify the sounds of birds, bats and mammals to conservation work.

The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the rainforests. Some sites were relatively primitive, old-growth forests. Others were areas that had just been cleared for pasture(牧场) recently. And some other original forests had been cleared but then abandoned, allowing themselves to regrow. The various calls were identified by an expert,and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer's turn. "We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts," says Dr. Muller.

Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr. Muller and his colleagues used light traps to catch night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. They found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable representative for the diversity of the quieter ones, too.

Besides measuring the biodiversity, the results are also expected to be applied to outside ecology departments. Under pressure from their customers, firms like L'Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr. Muller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standard way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.

(1) Why does Muller propose to measure biodiversity with AI? A. To make a new conservation principle. B. To seek away fit for hot environments. C. To work more efficiently than manpower D. To study the rainforests more specifically.
(2) How was the identification work of AI tools on the 43 sites? A. It agreed with the work from experts.. B. It identified different types of raintarests. C. It recorded more sounds in the abandoned forests. D. It was used to restore the biodiversity for pasture.
(3) What does the author indicate in paragraph 4? A. DNA analysis is skeptical in the research. B. Quiet animals are as diverse as noisy ones. C. A rainforest is always full of various noises. D. AI technology is used to catch the insects.
(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The research focuses on biodiversity only. B. L'Oreal and Shell develop monitoring apps. C. The research will assist in forest restoration. D. AI's help will attract some sponsors'investment.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读理解

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) refers to a policy approach where producers are given responsibility for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the product lifecycle. Based on the polluter pays principle, this approach requires producers to finance the costs of recycling or disposing of products that consumers no longer want. It aims to shift the costs associated with the management of dealing with solid waste away from the local government.

The term EPR was first coined in 1990 by a Swedish professor, Thomas Lindhqvist, who introduced the idea of producers being responsible for their products to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment. The first example of EPR came in Germany in 1991, where manufacturers picked up household packaging alongside municipal waste collections. Since 1990, countries around the world have adopted EPR policies around key sectors such as packaging, electronics, batteries, and vehicles.

EPR creates a financial motivation for producers to design products that last longer and can be recycled. This is because EPR places the end-of-life costs on the producer. EPR has historically been successful in the managing of products that pose risks to communities such as batteries, paint and old medicines. EPR has led many producers to redesign these items to reduce their risks. Finally, due to ERP closing the loop (循环) on materials management, this approach uses much less energy than it takes to produce items from the beginning.

However, critics of EPR have issues with producers adding recycling costs to the initial price tag of a product. Another disadvantage is that at the international level, it can negatively affect imports to countries that have strict EPR policies as producers in other countries will not want to be subject to extra fees from these policies. Additionally, it restricts competition at the local level as producers who take on the extra costs to accommodate EPR policies are at a competitive disadvantage to those who are able to bend the rules and get out of paying these costs.

(1) Who may be most in favor of the policy EPR? A. The local government. B. The producers. C. The end consumers. D. The retail traders.
(2) What are the producers likely to do under the policy EPR? A. Cut down their selling costs. B. Increase production capacity. C. Produce sustainable products. D. Reproduce out-of-date goods.
(3) Which word can best describe the author's attitude to the policy EPR? A. Tolerant. B. Objective. C. Conservative. D. Suspicious.
(4)  What can be the best title for the text?

A. The Constantly Varying Policy EPR

B. Challenges of EPR Implementation

C. Holding Back Global Trade and Competition: EPR

D. Reducing Waste and Shifting Responsibilities: EPR

阅读理解 未知 困难
3.阅读理解

Over the last five months, local and regional competitions have been held across Kenya for Maasai men of"warrior(勇士)"age. They are part of the Maasai Olympics, which have been held every two years since 2012. These men compete in six events: 5,000m, 800m, 200m, high jump, javelin and the rungu(a wooden throwing club) throw. There are also two events for women: 1,500m and 100m.

December 15,2018 marked the final round with crowds gathering in Kimana, near the Amboseli National Park, about 200 km south of Nairobi(the capital of Kenya). Different kinds of medals are among the prizes for the winning individuals and communities.

International charity Born Free, a main sponsor of the events, helped to offer Maasai warriors an alterative to killing lions as part of their traditional ceremony. It was the brainchild of the wildlife charity Big Life Foundation and eight Maasai elders who wanted to"stop lion hunting by our warriors once and for all, making it a cultural taboo(禁忌)."

"As human populations grow, and our wants seem to increase—with little sympathy for those other species with whom we share the planet—the pressing need for co-existence, and examples of how this may be achieved. are few and far between," said Born Free's CEO Howard Jones.

"The Maasai have a 500-year-old tradition of hunting lions to prove the courage of young men. As a result, an estimated 2,000 lions now remain in Kenya. The Maasai live and work alongside these creatures, so they are expected to play a key role in their protection and conservation," added Jones.

The Maasai Olympics were developed to encourage young men to compete in an organized sports completion based on their traditional warrior skills. As well as the competitive element, the events also aim to educate local people about conserving lions and wildlife, and the importance of human-wildlife co-existence and tolerance.

(1) What can we learn about the Maasai Olympics? A. They take place in the Amboseli National Park. B. They have been held four times till 2018. C. They include over ten events for men. D. They last as long as a whole year.
(2) What can we say about the Maasai's tradition of proving their courage? A. It is primitive and unacceptable. B. It is still as popular as it used to be. C. It is thought highly of by Born Free. D. It is friendly to the local environment.
(3) What does Howard Jones try to express? A. The Maasai should stick to their old tradition. B. Humans should have sympathy for each other. C. The Maasai should control their population growth. D. Humans should live in harmony with wildlife.
(4) What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bring Kenya's Tradition Back B. The Nature of Maasai Warriors C. The Influence of the Maasai Olympics D. Hunt Medals Not Lions in the Maasai Olympics
阅读理解 未知 困难