1. 阅读理解

Whenever I get really depressed and anxious, my first impulse is to reach for my phone. Maybe I'll get a message from a friend or discover some new distraction on social media. Unfortunately, during the past couple of years, one glance at my screen often makes me want to crawl back into bed.

That changed after I made friends with a strange creature named Webot. I'm finding that it makes me feel better-and it might work for you too. Like many apps, Webot sends me messages at random. But instead of tempting me into doom scrolling with shocking news alerts, Webot asks how I'm doing. When I text Webot my troubles, it asks me friendly questions, encourages me, and invites me to express some of my darkest thoughts. There is something intensely comforting about discussing your thoughts with a machine.

There are many therapy apps on the market, both free (like Webot) and paid for. But Webot is a particularly interesting case. Psychology researcher Alison Darcy at Stanford University created it after years of study. She says it was challenging on both a technical and artistic level because the chatbot is a character with its own personality. "It's as careful a construction as you might find in a novel or poetry. Webot's personality is humble, warm and wise, "as Darcy puts it, "Webot isn't an all-knowing authority. It is a mental health ally".

Best of all, Webot is always there, even when I'm lying awake in the middle of the night. That's exactly the point, according to Darcy. "Your therapist should not be in bed with you at 2 a. m," she laughs. But Webot can be. You can pull up Webot at the exact moment you need it most.

It is working. Last year, Darcy and her colleagues published a study showing that people like me are forming "bonds" with Webot. Bonding is a "meaningful" process of "getting something off your chest, or managing your thoughts more objectively".

And you know what? In the bizarre world of 2023, it might be healthier to bond with a robot than be "engaged" on social media.

(1) What does the underlined word "That" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. I lost interest in my phone. B. I was tired of social media. C. My phone didn't understand my impulse. D. My phone didn't help me feel any better.
(2) According to the text, what do we know about Webot? A. It bonds with me through social media. B. It is a creature that makes me feel better. C. It communicates with me and offers comfort. D. It is a therapist helping me manage my thoughts.
(3) From Darcy's perspective, why can Webot make us feel better? A. Because it can build mental connection with us. B. Because it is free and has a favorable personality. C. Because it is carefully constructed in a novel or poetry. D. Because it can keep us informed of shocking news alert.
(4) What is the author's purpose of writing this text? A. To urge us to quit social media. B. To show us the functions of Webot. C. To propose us interacting with Webot. D. To encourage us to share our thoughts.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 科普类;
【答案】

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1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。

Australia is unique in many ways. It's home to a wide range of landscapes and some of the most unusual animals on Earth. The Land Down Under is also the only place on Earth that qualifies as both a country and a continent. The definition of a continent isn't as concrete as you might expect, but a few qualities help earn Australia that distinction. 

The land mass's status (地位) as a country is for sure. A country is defined as "a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory," and since 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia—as it's officially known—has fit that description. 

Australia's claim to be a continent is less strong. There's no scientific definition used to categorize continents. They tend to be large land masses with their own tectonic plates (地壳板块), and isolated enough to produce unique cultures and plant and animal populations. These aren't hard and fast rules, however. Europe and Asia share a tectonic plate, but their cultural differences justify separating them into two continents (though the boundary separating one from the other is constantly changing). When it comes to what makes Australia a continent, size is the most minor factor. It's the smallest continent at 2. 9 million square miles, and it's actually closer in size to Greenland than it is to South America. So what makes Australia a continent and Greenland an island?

Australia's distinctiveness carries a lot of weight here. Its isolated location allowed it to support native groups of people with distinct cultures as well as wildlife that can't be found elsewhere on the planet. The native cultures and animals of Greenland, however, can also be found throughout the Arctic.

(1) What qualifies Australia as a country? A. The distinct landscapes and animals it has. B. The establishment of Commonwealth of Australia. C. The reputation of the Land Down Under it enjoys. D. The specifically defined continent where it is located.
(2) What can we learn from the paragraph 3? A. The dividing line between Asia and Europe stays fixed. B. Size is a major factor in determining Australia as a continent. C. Each continent occupies a tectonic plate separated from others. D. The definition of a continent doesn't necessarily follow set rules.
(3) Why is Greenland an island rather than a continent? A. Because it is much smaller than South America. B. Because it does not cover a whole tectonic plate. C. Because it lacks uniqueness in culture and wildlife. D. Because it is too close and is attached to the Arctic.
(4) Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Is Australia Different from Greenland? B. How Were the Continents on Earth Determined? C. What Sets Australia Apart from Other Continents? D. Why Is Australia a Continent as Well as a Country?
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

On your busiest days, you may not be thinking much about what ends up on your plate. In fact, you may count yourself lucky if your meal doesn't come out of the convenience store. But abandoning your healthy eating goals can impede your health. After all, a diet rich in produce offers valuable nutrients not just to your body, but to your mental well-being.

But here's the irony. If you focus just on the mental and physical health benefits — instead of how delicious healthy foods can be — you may have a harder time getting those benefits, says a new study. "We are used to thinking about how nutritious foods will help our bodies, but these aren't our top priorities when we're hungry," says Brad Turnwald, study co-author from Stanford University. This can lead to a mindset that healthy eating is boring and even depriving(剥夺的). So to really use food to fuel your body and mind, it may help to try having delicious dishes that also happen to be nutritious.

Before you change your diet completely, Vagdevi Meunier, a professor at St. Edwards University, suggests making one change at a time. Instead of turning down both bread and fries at your next meal, she advises starting off by making just one swap, such as trading the fries for boiled broccoli, but letting yourself have a piece of bread. This will help your mind adapt to the changes instead of triggering(触发)your deprivation mode.

Eating food is not just about getting nutrients. Some elements such as a colorful feast for the eyes, and yes, good flavors are also important. Turnwald's study found that being mindful of these elements of eating could help you choose wisely. This could be as simple as topping a dish with some fresh herbs, or keeping a bottle of hot sauce at work to add the flavor of an otherwise "boring yet nutritious" meal. 

Planning your diet in advance is a research-backed strategy for keeping your desires in check. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University found that people who decided on their lunch orders in the morning consumed five percent fewer calories than their colleagues who made their choices in the moment. By planning your lunch menu ahead of time — and planning something nutritious yet delicious — you'll get to eat what you want and your brain will benefit, too.

(1) What does the underlined word "impede" probably mean? A. Take no notice of something. B. Bring something under control. C. Make progress in doing something. D. Prevent something from being achieved.
(2) What point does the author make in paragraph 2? A. We may misunderstand nutritious foods. B. Sticking to healthy eating goals can be a burden. C. In addition to nutrition, the taste of food matters. D. Eating nutritious foods should be our top priority.
(3) What do we know about Meunier's suggestion?

A It is significant for picky eaters.

A. It is based on psychological factors. B. It matches up with Turnwald's study. C. D. It is from Meunier's own life experience.
(4) What's the main purpose of the text? A. To promote a healthy lifestyle. B. To list some interesting studies. C. To call for a change in thinking. D. To share some expert-approved tips.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

September is an exciting month in every college freshman's life. For many, i's the first time that they've lent home to live in a new environment. But after the hustle and bustle of a few weeks, excitement gives way to less enjoyable emotion homesickness.

Homesickness manifests itself in many ways. You may miss mum's coking your pet, or even your old bed. All this becomes a fond memory of the past. Homesickness can be a biter feeling for many students, especially when faced with the challenges of settling into an unfamiliar environment.

But remember, you're not alone. According to a recent BBC article, 70 percent of British college students experience homesickness. In this increasingly globalized world in which people migrate to faraway places for a relationship, education or work, homesickness is a feeling shared by many adults.

Homesickness can have similar symptoms to depression and in extreme cases it can develop into a panic attack. As for the term, homesickness or nostalgia wasn't invented until the 17th century. It was considered a disorder by a Swiss physician, who attributed soldiers' mental and physical discomfort to their longing to return home, “nostos" from Greek, and the accompanying pain, “algos".

Studies in recent years, however, have shown that nostalgia may have some benefits to our mental health. After a decade of surveys and researches, Constantine Sedikides, a US social psychologist, found that nostalgia is what makes us human. He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it's necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.

(1) What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A. Homesickness means a fond memory of the past. B. Only a few students will experience homesickness. C. Homesickness is an enjoyable emotion among freshmen. D. College freshmen usually suffer from homesickness after weeks.
(2) According to the passage, what do we know about homesickness? A. Homesickness may cause mental diseases. B. Homesickness won't do any good to our health. C. Homesickness is a felling only shared by adults. D. Homesickness is also called nostalgia in Switzerland.
(3) What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Some benefits about homesickness. B. Other problems in college freshmen's life. C. How to make campus life more meaningful. D. Some tips on how to cope with homesickness.
(4) What is the best tile for the passage? A. Let's Embrace Homesickness B. How to Fit into the College Life C. A Harmful Emotion- homesickness D. The Disadvantages of Homesickness
阅读理解 常考题 普通