1.阅读理解

We all know that unpleasant feeling when we're talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we're interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.

Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5,000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people's perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.

Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.

The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.

"People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication," Hilton said. "Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other."

(1) What does Hilton's research focus on? A. What interruptions mean to people. B. Whether interruption is good or not. C. How to avoid getting interrupted. D. Why speakers interrupt each other.
(2) What do participants of the study need to do? A. Record an audio clip. B. Answer some questions. C. Listen to one another. D. Have a chat with a friend.
(3) What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat? A. It's important. B. It's interesting. C. It's inefficient. D. It's impolite.
(4) What can we learn from Hilton's research? A. Human interaction is complex. B. Communication is the basis of life. C. Interruptions promote thinking. D. Language barriers will always exist.
【考点】
主旨大意; 推理判断题; 细节理解题; 科普环保类; 说明文;
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1. 阅读理解

B

I ask every student I interview for admission to my institution,Pitzer College,the same question,"What do you look forward to the most in college?"I was astonished and delighted recently when a student replied,"I look forward to the possibility of failure."Of course,this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic futures,but this young man took a risk.

"You see,my parents have never let me fail,"he said."When I want to take a chance at something, they remind me it's not a safe route to take.Taking a more demanding course or trying an activity I may not succeed in,they tell me,will ruin my chances at college admission."

I wish I could tell you this is an uncommon story,but kids all over the world admit they are under great pressure to be per feet.When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did for fun,she replied:"I thought I wasn't supposed to tell you that? I wouldn't want you to think I am not serious about my work!"

Students are usually in shock when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfection.Of course,this goes against everything they've been told.How could a dean of admission at one of America's most selective institutions not want the best and the brightest?The reality is,perfection doesn't exist,and we don't expect to see it in a college application.In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without shortcomings.

We get the most excited when we read an application that seems real.It's so rare to hear stories of defeat.If their perspectives are of lessons learned,these applicants tend to jump to the top at highly selective colleges.We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life,but how you respond could shape you forever.

(1) What can we learn about the student in the first two paragraphs? A. He is seldom allowed to take part in activities. B. He tries to avoid any chance of failure C. He cares little about his academic futures. D. He is taught not to take risks.
(2) Why does the author mention the Chinese student in paragraph 3? A. To illustrate the widespread stress on students. B. To compare students from different countries. C. To give an example of the students he favors. D. To emphasize the importance of hard work.
(3) What is probably admission officers' attitude towards a perfect application? A. Favorable. B. Confused. C. Doubtful. D. Casual.
(4) What is the key to success in college according to the author? A. A desire for perfection. B. The ability to learn from defeats. C. The opportunity of making mistakes. D. An experience of defeat in high school.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读理解

In the joyful summer Chadalavada spent with Jayasree, his grandmother in 2018, the pair watched endless movies. Late one evening, Jayasree, who had recently been diagnosed (诊断) with Alzheimer's, got up in her nightdress and went to make tea at her home in India. After she returned to her bedroom, Chadalavada went into the kitchen to find that his grandmother had left the gas on!

Chadalavada decided to invent a wearable device to help people like his grandmother. Now aged 17, Chadalavada is ready to start making the Alpha Monitor. The device, which can be worn as an armband, sets off an alarm when the wearer with Alzheimer's starts to move and warns a caregiver if the patient falls or wanders off.

Most similar devices run on Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, so when a person moves out of their frequencies' limited range the connection is lost and with it the monitoring. But the Alpha Monitor can detect a person more than a mile away in cities and three miles in the countryside thanks to the long-range technology, known as LoRa, it uses.

Teaching himself with YouTube videos about robotics and electronics, Chadalavada has developed several prototypes (模型). To understand the needs of people with Alzheimer's, he spent time in a day centre run by the Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India. There, the cofounder told him that the device "had to be something light that can be worn on any part of the body". She says: "Many patients don't like having to wear a watch and they take it off."

In March, when Chadalavada's school exams are over, he will put the finishing touches to the monitor, with the aim of getting the device ready for market by September. He is confident that it should be sold at an affordable price for most people.

Chadalavada hopes to study robotics at a university abroad. His aim is simple: "I want to create products to help people in India for the whole world."

(1)  Why did Chadalavada invent the Alpha Monitor? A. To treat Alzheimer's. B. To entertain senior citizens. C. To improve Alzheimer's caregiving. D. To ensure fire safety at the elderly's homes.
(2)  What is an advantage of the Alpha Monitor? A. It is more comfortable to wear. B. It has a longer service time. C. It offers a remoter monitoring. D. It uses higher frequency controls.
(3)  What did Chadalavada want to explore while he spent time in a day centre? A. Where his invention could be polished. B. What people with Alzheimer's felt like. C. How Alzheimer's disease could be cured. D. Whether his invention would be profitable.
(4)  What can we learn about Chadalavada from the text? A. He enjoys living simply. B. He has an innovative mind. C. He used to be a health worker. D. He longs to be a robotics professor.
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3.阅读理解

Scientists in Michigan have developed a forest fire alarm system. It can not only monitor when a fire begins but also call for help. This battery-free device hangs in a tree and gains all the energy it needs from the natural swinging of branches. Such a sensor (传感器) could watch the woods for a decade without humans' attention.

"For forest fire monitoring, you don't need high amounts of energy," says Cao Changyong, an engineer at Michigan State University, who led the team behind the new device. It recharges itself about every 10 minutes with just enough power to take a measurement. That's plenty of time, Cao says, "to produce enough energy."

There's an obvious need for fast monitoring of faraway forests. Every year, fires burn millions of acres in the United States. Early findings also can save lives. Right now, forest fires are found from satellites or fire towers. Neither, Cao says, is as fast or low-cost as tree-hanging sensors would be.

Cao's group faced some challenges in creating its new sensors. For example, these have to produce enough power to check the forest and send out a signal and that power source has to be used for longer time. To deal with the problems, they decided to change mechanical motion (机械运动) into electricity. The device to do this is known as a TENG short for triboelectric nanogenerator. Scientists have explored TENGS as one way to gain energy from the natural world, including harvesting energy from effects on tabletops, falling rain-even keyboards. The new TENG for forest use produces a current (电流) when a tree branch swings. That current is small, yet enough to power a thermometer  (温度计) to monitor the temperature changes signaling fire.

Cao says his team's new model has not yet been tested over long time periods in the real world, but the device is ready. All he needs now is the money to build more of them.

(1) What is special about Cao's sensor? A. It can save lives. B. It is shaped like a branch. C. It is self-powered. D. It keeps power for about a day.
(2) Which of the following is the benefit of the fire alarm system? A. Recharging every minute. B. Monitoring the forest fires. C. Measuring at a slow speed. D. Working for a longer time.
(3) What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Sending out a signal when a fire breaks out. B. Producing enough power to check the forest. C. Turning mechanical energy into electrical power. D. Monitoring the temperature changes signaling a fire.
(4) What problem is Cao's new model facing for its long-time test? A. It doesn't work. B. It is of no use in fact. C. It needs enough money. D. It isn't easily performed.
阅读理解 未知 普通