Human societies depend on healthy ecosystems (生态系统). People use their products in the shape of fish, meat, crops and fibers such as cotton and silk. Medicines may be directly harvested from the natural world or inspired by molecules (分子) and elements found within it. Through light reaction, trees and other plants take in carbon and pump out oxygen.
The services that ecosystems provide to humans depend, in turn, on there being a diversity of living things. More than 75% of global food-crop types, including coffee, cocoa and almonds, are pollinated (授粉) by animals. The complex web supporting every food chain and ecosystem means that the narrow range of species that humans eat and exploit cannot be sustained (维持) without the existence of a much greater diversity of animals, plants and bacteria.
When IPBES published its assessment of the state of global biodiversity in 2019, it offered a sobering picture. Roughly 1 million animal and plant species were considered to be at risk of extinction. These included many that are used in farming. At least 9% of the 6,200 sorts of house-trained mammals that humans eat, or use to produce food, had become extinct by 2016, and at least 1,000 more are threatened. And one-third of ocean fish stocks were being unsustainably exploited in 2015.
Surveys also show that the loss of biodiversity is the result of a combination of factors: climate change, pollution, human exploitation of land, sea, plants and animals, and the movement of some species into new territories where they destroy existing ecosystems.
Understanding a problem, however, is a necessary step towards solving it. And that is where technology can help. Ironically (讽刺地), it is humans' use of technology, whether in simple forms such as chainsaws (链锯) or dragnets, or more complex ones such as modern agriculture and transportation, that is chiefly responsible for biodiversity loss. The challenge now is to arrange it so that it is not just part of the problem, but part of the solution.
the author tries to explain the relationship between .
A.
humans and ecosystems
B.
ecosystems and biodiversity
C.
animals and food chain
D.
biodiversity and resources