The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century. But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras (极光) really make sounds. "It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world," "historian Fiona Amery said. "In Canada, Norway and Russia, they are all hearing very much the same sounds." "The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground, which strengthens opinions that their sounds are just a false impression," said Fiona. Many scientists argued that auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the ground, so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras.

However, other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made noises. In the 1920s, Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground. Almost 100 years later, Clarence's suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.

In 2012，an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras. In 2016, he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds: an inversion layer(逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance above the ground in calm weather.

Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer, causing accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks (火花) that create sounds that can be heard. That explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora 's visible movements 一they begin to happen in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer.

Anthology Short Story Competition

Established to recognise and encourage creative，writing and provide a platform for publication，this short story competition is open to original and previously unpublished short stories in the English language by a writer of any nationality，living anywhere in the world. 

There is no restriction on theme or style. Stories submitted must not exceed the maximum of 1.500 words. Writers can submit as many entries as they wish. Each submission will require a separate entry form and is subject to a separate entry fee. 

It is not a requirement，but is advisable to refer to Anthology magazine or purchase a copy before submitting your work，so that you can see the type of material we publish. 

Prizes 

• FIRST：The winner will receive a €1，000 cash prize and the chance to see their work published in a future issue of Anthology. The winner will also receive a one-year subscription to Anthology. 

• SECOND：€250 

• THIRD：€150 

Submission Deadline &Entry Fees 

• Very Early Bird fee：€10—up to 31 December 2022 

• Early Bird fee：，€12—up to 30 April 2023 

• Standard fee：€18—up to 31 August 2023 

Terms and Conditions 

• All stories are judged anonymously and therefore the writer's name must not appear on the short story itself. Name and contact details should be on the entry form only. 

• There is no age limit. 

• Once selected，the winner will be contacted by email or telephone. 

• Copyright remains with the author but Anthology reserves the right to be the first to publish or arrange a broadcast of winning story. 

• Prize money will be paid on publication of the winning Short Story in Anthology Magazine. 

The meaning of the word "volunteer" may be a little different in different countries, but it usually means "one who offers his or her services." There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people, working on homes for homeless children, and picking up garbage(垃圾) from beaches and parks. Volunteers may work within their countries or in other countries. They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves. Volunteers don't expect any kind of pay.

At the root of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people. Tracy, a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means. She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresa's homes in Calcutta. The following is her story.

"I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school, we watched a video(录像) about her work in India and all over the world. I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I too wanted to try her kind of work. So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks."

"I was asked to work in a home for sick people. I helped wash clothes and sheets, and pass out lunch. I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer the up. I felt it was better to share with them than to think that I have helped them. To be honest, I don't think I was helping very much. It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture(文化) that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world."