1. 阅读表达

French author Annie Ernaux, who has mined her own biography to explore life in France since the 1940s, won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature for work that lights up cloudy corners of memory, family and society. She is just the 17th woman among the 119 Nobel literature laureates (文学奖得主) and is the first French literature laureate since Patrick Modiano in 2014.

Having spent over 5 decades as a writer, the 82-year-old winner has published more than 20 books to her name. Much of her material came out of her experiences being raised in a working-class family in the Normandy region of northwest France.

Ernaux once worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer. Two books by other French writers inspired her to be a writer:The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir and Distinction by Pierre Bourdieu. The former led her to write about feminism (女权主义), and the latter raised her awareness of the huge gap between her and the environment she grew up in.

Besides her reading influences, her"upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood"also inspire many of her works. For example, the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma (创伤) while A Girl's Story follows a young woman's coming of age in the 1950s. Ernaux has used the term"an ethnologist (人类学家) of herself"to describe herself rather than a writer of fiction. Her more than 20 autobiographical books, most of which are very short, chronicle events in her life and the lives of those around her. They present uncompromising portraits of love, relationships, abortion, illness and the deaths of her parents, exploring deeply personal experiences and feelings within a changing web of social and class relationships.

Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel literature committee, said Ernaux is"an extremely honest writer who is not afraid to confront the hard truths. "

"She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her abortion, her jealousy, her experiences as an abandoned lover and so on. I mean, really hard experiences, "he said after the award announcement in Stockholm. "And she gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books, but they are really moving. "

(1) According to the passage, why was Ernaux awarded Nobel Prize in literature?
(2) How did the book Distinction influence Ernaux?
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Emaucx described herself as"an ethnologist of herself"because she was into the study of ethnology.
(4) What qualities of Ernaux do you think deserve to be learned by us?Please explain. (about 40 words)
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 任务型阅读; 人物传记类; 记叙文;
【答案】

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1. 阅读下面短文,根据题目要求回答问题。

The signs appeared practically overnight. They'd been planted anywhere and everywhere—in front of homes, along sidewalks, around the neighborhood. Each featured just a few uplifting words in simple black type: "Don't Give Up", "You Are Not Alone", "We Will Get Through". The residents in Newberg, Oregon, had suffered huge loss from a major tornado this year, so the town of 25,000 instantly understood the messages. For days, what no one could figure out was who had planted them.

Amy Wolff had. At first, she didn't want anyone to connect her to them. For one thing, the 36-year-old mother of two didn't really feel it was her place to weigh in. However, losing her brother in an accident several years earlier had led her to do so. She planted the signs anonymously because she wanted them to be about their message, not any one person. It was compassion(同情) for compassion's sake. "I couldn't just do nothing," says Wolff.

Yet as Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly. Instantly, her inbox was flooded with requests for more signs.

That was in May 2017.Since then, the Don't Give Up Movement has spread from Newberg to the hearts and yards of people in every state and several countries. The signs have morphed(变化) into wristbands, bumper stickers, pins, stamps, etc. One of the most heartening elements of the movement is that it has gone viral in a remarkably human way. More and more people have taken action, planting the signs in their lawns, taking selfies, and then posting them to share.

Aware of the added emotional challenges isolation brings under the cloud of COVID-19, the Don't Give Up Movement has since offered to send letters of support to anyone in quarantine who needs it. The group received about 400 requests in just 24 hours. A young woman wrote that she struggled with mental illness and that shelter-in-place rules were especially hard on her and her family; she asked whether the Don't Give Up group could send her relatives a cheerful note. Wolff's message is about to grow yet again.

(1) What personal experience led Amy Wolff to plant the signs of hope?
(2) How did the Don't Give Up Movement help people during COVID-19?
(3) What does the underlined part it has gone viral mean?
(4) Please write one of your experiences of encouraging other people or being encouraged. (about 40 words)
阅读表达 困难
3. 阅读下面短文,回答问题。

Helen was five years old when she made the trip from her homeland to the United States of America with her mother, sister, and brother. Helen grew up hearing many terrible stories about people who were injured in the war. So as a child, Helen was eager to become a nurse to help those people. And indeed, she became one.

In early 1991, her operating room manager at the University of Virginia said, "Helen, I'd like you to take on a small project." "Okay," Helen agreed. "What's up?" Her manager replied, "Our nineteen operating rooms here are generating too much medical waste. Clean stuff that haven't been used. With your twenty years, working in the operating room, you have the knowledge and experience to figure out what to do with them all. "

So for a year, Helen collected clean medical supplies from all their operating rooms and donated them to missions (布道所). She researched the issue of medical waste. She was surprised to find that more than 2. 4 million tons of hospital waste is generated in the USA annually, with the operating rooms being the largest waste generators. "This is valuable waste, which can be utilized again rather than just being thrown away," she said.

Helen worked four ten-hour days in the operating room, and then spent countless hours networking with people on behalf of missions. Before she could say, "How did I get myself into this?" She had formed Medical Equipment Recovery of Clean Inventory (物品清单)(MERCI). For years, she sorted supplies after work, every day including weekends. Gradually MERCI had a steady stream of volunteers helping to sort, and the results were beyond their wildest imaginations. Since Helen started her "small project", MERCI has sorted more than 350 tons of medical supplies valued at $75 million, which have been sent all over the world and helped many people.

And now, Helen still leads a very busy life, but she thinks what she has been doing is meaningful.

(1) Why did little Helen want to become a nurse? (no more than 10 words)
(2) What small project did Helen's operating room manager ask her to do? (no more than 5 words)
(3) What does the underlined word "utilized" in Paragraph 3 mean? (one word)
(4) What was the achievement that Helen's MERCI made? (no more than 15 words)
(5) How can one lead a meaningful life according to Helen's story? (no more than 20 words)
阅读表达 困难