1. 阅读理解

If you've noticed you're getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it's not just you."Shrinkflation"—reducing a product's size or quantity while keeping its price stable is showing up in shops around the world.

As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human cost, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. "Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost' when sizes decrease," says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers "less painful"

Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn't end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. "Shoppers don't have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes," adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits.

For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive.

But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence.

Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it's a tough hit to the bottom line- -especially because the price of products generally doesn't fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don't fall into the trap of that supersize on the shelf.

(1) Why does shrinkflation make consumers "less painful" according to Stiving? A. Shrinkflation reduces human cost. B. Shrinkflation raises purchasing power. C. Consumers become more aware of size. D. Consumers experience little increase in cost.
(2) What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The concerns of shoppers. B. The interests of companies. C. The impact of shrinkflation. D. The phenomenon of inflation.
(3) What is the author's aliude to the shrinklation in paragraph 4? A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Dismissive. D. Unclear.
(4) What should consumers do according 10 the last paragraph? A. Draw a bottom line. B. Put warning stickers. C. Choose smaller packs. D. Make a conscious decision.
【考点】
细节理解题; 观点态度题; 段落大意; 说明文; 政治经济类;
【答案】

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1. 阅读理解

I started the latest round of the NtriFit programme weeks ago. We take about 45 minutes to go through participants' health records, previous diets, expectations, and levels of willingness to change to customize(定制)the programme to meet each individual's needs.

I was shocked by one thing. When it comes to weight-loss goals, I usually ask, "When was the last time you were happy with your body?" The reply usually relates to pre-wedding, pre-kids, pre-college-the usual suspects. However this time, almost everyone said, Of course, I wasn't happy with it then, but I'd be happy with it now!"

It made me stop to think. For most of us, no matter how much we don't really like the body shape, there will likely be a point in the future when we would kill for the body we currently have. I don't mean to upset anyone from improving their health right now. But maybe we need to stop and smell the roses. We should be happy and grateful for our bodies exactly as they are.

That's why NutriFit has changed into something much more holistic(整体的). Now we have every shape and size taking part, but the goals are so much bigger: disease prevention, more energy and charity better immunity, ell-balanced hormones. the list goes on. Yes, we get great body part results but you are about so much more than what your body looks like.

In my opinion, the key rule of a successful nutrition programme is to be based on real food. If you focus more on balanced diets and less on weight, it becomes a mentally healthier process. If you're going to maintain your new, healthy lifestyle, it needs to be something you actively enjoy a lifestyle hat you want to maintain. If you eat healthily because you want to rather than you have to, life gets 1,000 percent easier.

(1) What did the author do to customize the programme for individuals? A. Analyze and adjust participants' dietary structure. B. Examine participants' physical health condition. C. Make clear of people's health history and plans. D. Introduce the programme in detail.
(2) What made the author shocked? A. People's discontent with their previous life. B. People's optimism about their current body C. Peoples satisfaction with their former body. D. People's ambitious goals of losing weight,
(3) What does NuriFitpay attention to now? A. People s image. B. People's health C. People's weight D. People's appearance
(4) What should a successful nutrition programme focus on in the author's view? A. A healthy lifestyle. B. A sound exercise plan C. Enough nutritious food D. Weight loss.
阅读理解 普通
2. 阅读理解

Paris boasts a wealth of world-class museums and architectural masterpieces. From the world's largest art museum to France's most famous landmark, there is plenty to experience in the French capital.

The Louvre Museum

As the most visited art museum in the world and also the largest, the Louvre should be top of your list. It would take you no fewer than 100 days to visit the 35, 000 works of art on display across 300 rooms – and that's if you spend just 30 seconds looking at each one.

The Moulin Rouge (红磨坊)

The Moulin Rouge in Montmartre, with its iconic red windmill, was built in 1885. The venue pioneered the famous French cancan dance, and has now become one of the most famous cabarets in the world. Expect flamboyant handmade costumes of feathers and elegance at every turn.

The Eiffel Tower

Originally built to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution in 1889, the impressive Eiffel Tower has become the most iconic landmark(地标) of France. The first floor is home to the 58 Tour Eiffel restaurant while the second-floor observation deck provides spectacular bird's eye views – the best in the city.

The top of the Arc de Triomphe

The Arc de Triomphe, a Neoclassical take on the ancient Roman arch, is one of Paris's most iconic attractions. It's worth hiking the 284 stairs to reach the platform on top of the arch as the views span right across the city, towering above the capital at 50m tall.

(1) What can visitors expect to do while visiting Paris? A. Watching the ballet. B. Enjoying the local food. C. Reaching the platform on top of the arch easily. D. Fully understanding the Louvre within one day.
(2) Which is the most graphic placemark of France? A. The Arc De Triomphe. B. The Louvre Museum. C. The Eiffel Tower. D. The Mourin Rouge.
(3) Who is the text most likely intended for? A. Museum-goers. B. Hiking-lovers. C. Dance-lovers. D. Travel-devotees.
阅读理解 普通
3. 阅读理解

    Parents complain that children outgrow their clothes so fast that it costs a fortune(£12, 000 on average per year), going through seven different sizes in the space of their first two years. There could now be a solution:a new high-tech fabric(织物)that expands as the wearer grows.

    Ryan Yasin, who is studying for a master's degree at the London Royal College of Art, came up with the idea after purchasing clothes for his newborn nephew, only to find the baby had outgrown them by the time they arrived. In addition to the expense Yasin was also concerned about the environmental influence. The process of making and distributing just l kilogram, or 2. 2 pounds, of new fabric results in an average of 23 kg, or 50 pounds of greenhouse gases. To make matters worse, the “fast fashion” trend worldwide has caused garment production to double since 2000, with more than half of the clothing ending up in landfills annually!

    To find a solution, Yasin used his previous experience designing satellites to invent a way to fold synthetic(合成的)material such that it stretches in all directions.

    The first design, a pair of tiny pants, not only fit his baby nephew, but also his 2-year-old niece! After spending a lot of time perfecting the process and testing the design, Yasin is now awaiting a patent for his design and seeking investors(投资者)to bring the clothing to market.

    For his new line of Petit Pli, the designer plans to produce outerwear that is both waterproof(防水的)and windproof. The clothing will be machine washable and fold small enough to fit in a jacket or pant pocket. Yasin plans to establish a take-back system so that worn-out Petit Pli clothing can be recycled into new fabric.

    The designer does not expect parents to dress their children only in his expandable clothing, particularly since the current designs use synthetic materials. But he plans to soon produce the wear in “a wider variety of garments” and hopes that Petit Pli will be able to have an “influence on over-consumption. ”We surely hope he succeeds!

(1) What inspired Yasin's invention? A. His great expense on clothes. B. His unhappy experience. C. His nephew's piled-up clothes. D. His desire for a master's degree.
(2) Which of the following statements about Yasin's design is true? A. It has been tested successful. B. It has come on the market. C. It has got a patent. D. It has attracted a lot of investors.
(3) What will be one advantage of the new outerwear? A. It comes in various styles. B. It needs no washing. C. It can never be worn out. D. It is space-saving.
(4) Why does Yasin suggest a limited use of the expandable clothing? A. Its cost is too high. B. It lacks stylish designs. C. Its materials are not natural. D. It is not easily recycled.
阅读理解 普通