1.阅读理解

Science reporting on climate change does lead Americans to adopt more accurate beliefs and support government action on the issue, but these gains are fragile, a new study suggests. Researchers found that these accurate beliefs fade quickly when people are exposed to coverage skeptical of climate change.

"It is not the case that the American public does not respond to scientifically informed reporting when they are exposed to it, " said Thomas Wood, associate professor of political science at the Ohio State University. "But even truly accurate science reporting recedes from people's frame of reference very quickly."

Results showed that accurate science reporting didn't persuade only politicians and people who initially rejected human-caused climate change also had their opinions shifted by reading accurate articles. The study involved 2, 898 online participants who participated in four waves of the experiment during the fall of 2020.

In the first wave, they all read authentic articles in the popular media that provided information reflecting the seientifie views on climate change. In the second and third waves, they read either another scientific article, an opinion article that was skeptical of climate science, or an article on an unrelated subjeet. In the fourth wave, the participants simply were asked their beliefs about the science of climate change and their policy attitudes.

To rate participants' scientific understanding. the researchers asked after each wave if they believed that climate change is happening and has a human cause. To measure their attitudes, researchers asked participants if they favored government action on climate change and if they favored renewable energy.

"What we found suggests that people need to hear the same accurate messages about climate change again and again. If they only hear it once, it recedes very quickly, " Wood said. It was significant that accurate reporting had positive effects on all groups, including those who originally rejected climate change. But it was even more encouraging that it affected attitudes.

(1) What does the underlined word "recedes" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Increases. B. Graduates. C. Disappears. D. Strikes.
(2) What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. The research object. B. The research result. C. The research purpose. D. The research procedure.
(3) Why did researchers ask participants the second question? A. To survey the government's satisfaction rate. B. To make an assessment on their attitudes. C. To teach them scientific understanding. D. To measure action on climate change.
(4) What can be the best title for the text? A. Science Report Of Climate Change Can Affect Minds B. Online Participants Joined In A Four-Wave Experiment C. Accurate Science Reporting Don't Persuade Only Politicians D. People Should Hear Accurate Messages About Climate Change
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词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 段落大意; 科普环保类; 说明文; 标题选择;
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1.阅读理解

When I was about six years old, my mother came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen babies of the neighbourhood-all of them too young to walk-and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this, I informed her that it was my school of dance. She was amused and placed herself at the piano. She began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular. Later on, little girls of the neighbourhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a very profitable occupation.

My mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lessons did not please me. When the teacher told me to stand on my toes I asked him why, and when he replied "Because it is beautiful, " I said that it was ugly. and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff (僵硬) and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.

My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not prevented, I believe that whatever the child is going to do in life should be begun when it is very young. I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and taking away from them any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.

(1) What was the writer doing when her mother came home one day? A. Getting some babies together. B. Making some babies sit still. C. Teaching some babies to dance. D. Directing some babies to walk.
(2) How did the writer find the ballet? A. Graceful and original. B. Dreamlike and gymnastic. C. Old and unpopular. D. Ugly and unnatural.
(3) What did the writer think she owed her success in art to? A. The lucky chance her parents gave her. B. Her mother's support and understanding. C. The ballet classes she had attended. D. Her inborn talent and great efforts.
(4) What lesson would the writer most probably want to teach us in the passage? A. Children should be encouraged to be educated as early as possible. B. Children should be driven to develop their interest in art at an early age. C. Parents should discover and develop their young children's natural gift. D. Parents should instruct their children to decide on a promising occupation.
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2. 阅读理解

The subject of Jay Owens's new book has long been trying to kill me. Like millions of people around the world, I am allergic to dust. I have long considered it an enemy. But Owens is out to broaden our perspective.

While each particle (微粒) of dust may be tiny, together they have outsized consequences. Approximately 2bn tons of dust are lifted into the Earth's atmosphere each year, Owens tells us, both absorbing and reflecting the sun's energy and seeding clouds — therefore directly affecting global temperatures and climate. Like water, dust is part of an essential ecological cycle.

Owens's own fascination with dust started in 2015, with a road trip through California. Owens was transfixed by the story of Los Angeles, whose growth and modern existence was only possible through the systematic theft of water and the creation of a dust desert to the east.

Early in the book, Owens unpacks the history of hygiene (卫生), exploring how dirt and our relation to it has changed over centuries, and cleanliness — or the pursuit of it — defines our modern lives. After the Industrial Revolution, emerging ideas about the relationship between dirt and disease made dust something to be fought against- a responsibility that fell on women. The poorest people tended to have the least time and money to clean a house; often, their jobs were to clean the houses of others. "The history of 20th-century cleanliness is, thus, a history not only of the making of sex and class distinctions, but racialised inequalities."

Perhaps the most emotionally stirring chapter in the book is that in which Owens retells the story of the nuclear age not through mushroom clouds, but through the radioactive dust they left behind. One study estimated that the effects of atmospheric nuclear testing would eventually result in the deaths of 2. 4 million people from cancer, a threat "that has gone substantially unnoticed because radioactive dust is such a delayed killer".

One reason to think about dust, Owens writes in Dust, is "to challenge ourselves to try to see the world beyond our easy imaginings".

(1) What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A. The impact of dust on temperatures. B. The amount of dust in the atmosphere. C. The comparison between dust and water. D. The traveling course of dust around the world.
(2) What does the underlined word "transfixed" mean in paragraph 3? A. Thrilled. B. Inspired. C. Embarrassed. D. Shocked.
(3) How does Owens regard dust? A. It is a distant concern. B. It carries political meanings. C. It changes our relation to nature. D. It is a reflection of tech advancement.
(4) What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a book. B. To support an author. C. To present a phenomenon. D. To correct misunderstandings.
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3.阅读理解

I'm 52, and as surprising as it may seem. I'm a gymnast. In a sport for young girls, I have found an unlikely path to joy. When I enter the gym, no matter how much stress I might be feeling, my mind clears and I forget my life. I think of nothing but what I am doing.

When I was 9, I went every Saturday to a gymnastic academy. The coach had gray hair and wore ballet shoes and had boundless enthusiasm. He would say, "You are going to be a gymnast." And I believed him. I vividly remember the first time I did a round off back handspring by myself, the weightlessness of it. I lived for Saturday mornings. I only ever did gymnastics recreationally — I didn't even know real gyms existed — but I always loved it.

That longdormant love came roaring back in my forties. It happened in an instant, at parents' day for my daughter's beginning gymnastics class. The bars were just sitting there, and I had this overwhelming urge to grab hold and swing. But I couldn't make it through the warm-up at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.

There is nothing like the thrill of getting a new skill, that combination of speed, mechanics, timing, muscles, and bravery. There is an indescribable (不可言喻的) element, too, something like faith. By the time we reach middle age, most of us have had to deal with our fair share of unwelcome surprises, like illness, family crisis or the death of a beloved parent. But gymnastics has brought the most delightful surprises — I keep getting better, overcoming what I thought were limits, amazing myself by what I can do. At a time in life when many things feel like they are sliding down the slope (斜坡) towards old, gymnastics is a gift of fluency and competence in motion. I'm in the best shape of my life. I'm a better gymnast now than I was at 16.

(1) What inspired the author to love gymnastics when she was young? A. Her Saturday routine. B. The coach's enthusiasm. C. Her wish to be a gymnast. D. Pleasure from gymnastics.
(2)  What made the author go back to gymnastic classes in her forties? A. Her duty as a responsible parent. B. The desire to fit in with her daughter. C. The strong urge to play with the bars. D. Her sweet memory of doing gymnastics.
(3) Which of the following can describe the author's personality? A. Faithful and easygoing. B. Humble and competent. C. Passionate and persistent. D. Ambitious and considerate.
(4) What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Awake. B. Inactive. C. Deadly. D. Nameless.
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