1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

If you have trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why, you first need to grasp the relationship between core(核心)body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body has an average temperature of 37℃. But your core body temperature drops as much as 1. 2°℃ over one night's sleep. This gradual decrease is a key part of how we sleep. To put it simply, the faster you can lower your core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep.

One way that your body controls its temperature is through blood vessels (血管)in the skin. If your body is too hot, your blood vessels widen, pushing the warmer blood nearer the skin' s surface, helping it to cool. If your body is too cold, the opposite happens. Your blood vessels narrow, restricting the flow of blood to the surface.

The soles, the bottom surface of your feet, are one of your body's most efficient heat exchangers, since they are hairless and less protected than other skin surfaces. Researchers have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes blood vessel widening, which in turn lowers the body's core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet.

Scientists suspect that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. The warm-sensitive neurons(神经元)in the brain become more active when there's a temperature difference between the body's core and the feet. Researchers have found that these neurons become more active as we get sleep and slow down as we wake up, so that warming up the feet before bedtime may give warm-sensitive neurons an extra promotion, making you feel sleepier.

In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special "sleeping socks" not only sped up the coming of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut night-time waking times in half. If you're worried about becoming too warm, look for socks made of natural fibers.

(1) According to the research, a person's warm feet ______. A. slowed brain reaction B. narrowed blood vessels C. decreased blood pressure D. reduced core body temperature
(2) How might the brain's warm-sensitive neurons help sleep? A. They may bring sleepiness when they become active. B. They may slow down the brain's blood flow. C. They may speed up temperature increase. D. They may help to warm up the feet.
(3) What is the finding of the small study mentioned in the last paragraph? A. The warmth of socks depends on their material. B. People wearing socks fall asleep 50 percent faster. C. Special socks increase temperature more effectively. D. Wearing socks helps people sleep longer and wake less.
(4) In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Fashion. B. Discovery. C. Entertainment. D. Education.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 科普环保类; 记叙文;
【答案】

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1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. "

Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress. And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak of my career. It was incredible. "

Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web. "

(1) What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Be in the worst possible situation.  B. Reach the bottom of a valley. C. Crash into the lowest part of a rock.  D. Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
(2) How did photography benefit Doogue? A. It gave him a new way to express himself.  B. It helped him to escape from pressure. C. It provided him with life-saving skills.  D. It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
(3) What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems? A. The way men employ to solve problems.  B. The lack of love for men's life and work. C. The worry that men get separated from people.  D. The belief that men are expected to be strong.
(4) What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text? A. To warn the severity of mental problems.  B. To show the benefits of nature photography. C. To advise readers to get close to nature.  D. To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
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2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

More than half the world's population are city residents, and, by 2050, the United Nations predicts that seven in ten people will be. Architects are having to consider how architecture influences our emotional well-being in urban settings.

According to Colin Ellard, a research psychologist at Waterloo University, Canada, there is a lot of evidence which shows "the profound impact that the design of buildings has on how we feel, how we treat one another, and our overall psychological well-being". A study from the University of Heidelberg concluded that people raised in the countryside are less likely to have mental disorders than those raised in the city. The city of Vancouver in Canada, which is surrounded by mountains and ocean, recognises the need to connect with nature. It has included protecting ocean and mountain views in its urban planning guidelines. For example, tall buildings are set up in strategic locations that don't block scenic views for downtown residents.

The British designer Thomas Heatherwick wants to make architecture less soulless and boring. He told The Guardian, "We need to fearlessly demand interestingness and make buildings that enrich our senses." He has listed seven characteristics of a boring building. These include being too flat and straight. He says lack of depth means light and shadow cannot play on surfaces, while straight lines are at odds with nature and make buildings dull.

However, making buildings interesting is not always easy, as architect Rafael Vinoly found out in 2013 when he created the 37-store y skyscraper in London. The building was admired for its curved exterior walls covered in reflective glass. However, it acted like a magnifying glass and reflected light which melted nearby cars and almost set fire to a carpet. A screen had to be added to prevent the building causing further damage.

So, for your own well-being, surround yourself with buildings that bring you joy, and ideally a view of nature.

(1) Why are tall buildings located in certain places in Vancouver? A. To protect people's mental health. B. To follow the tradition of the city. C. To caution people against disorder. D. To reveal the prosperity of the area.
(2) Which kind of building is Thomas' preference? A. One with straight lines. B. One having flat surfaces. C. One having a security system. D. One with innovative patterns.
(3) What did Rafael Vinoly fail to consider in his design? A. Boldness. B. Creativity. C. Practicality. D. Flexibility.
(4) What is the purpose of the passage? A. To call on people to live in big cities. B. To compare buildings in different cities. C. To stress the importance of healthy emotion. D. To convince people of emotional impact by buildings.
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3.阅读理解

Beijing, with co-host Zhangjiakou in neighboring Hebei Province, will host the 2022 Winter Olympics. That will benefit the capital as well as its residents (居民), so the below are something to be expected from the Winter Olympic Games.

Blue skies

It is highly expected that hosting the Winter Olympic Games will push Beijing to reduce pollution and improve the air quality more effectively.

Beijing began carrying out a five-year plan from 2013 that cost 130 billion US dollars to upgrade heating systems, cut car emissions (排放) and close heavy-polluting factories. Such efforts will not only be made in Beijing but in a neighboring Hebei and Tianjin as well, as suggested by a development action plan to integrate (结合) the three places. Hopefully, blue skies will become a regular feature even after the Games.

Transportation

Although Beijing is the host city of the 2022 Winter Games, Chongli county of Zhangjiakou will host some of the snow events.

The capital region is likely to benefit from investments in infrastructure (基础设施), including the Beijing-Zhangjiakou intercity railways, expansion of Beijing subway systems, upgraded highway networks and another regional airport.

Winter sports

Beijing's vision is to develop a winter sports market for more than 300 million people in northern China.

With a rich legacy left by the summer Olympics, China plans to reuse 11 of 12 venues built for the 2008 Olympics and only needs to build a new rink for speed skating, effectively easing possible problems of facilities (设施) being left idle after the Games.

Transformation (转变)

On the back of the Winter Olympics, the Beijing municipal government is looking at fostering sports-related industry as a new growth driver to power its economy.

The goal is to integrate the Winter Games with sustainable development plans for the wider region, focusing on clean energy, green technology, and improvement in ecology and air quality.

Tourism

The country's plan to develop a winter sports industry will enhance Zhangjiakou's reputation as a tourist destination by upgrading its transportation system and facilities, such as hotels and restaurants.

(1) What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How Important the 2022 Winter Games Is B. What Have Been Done for the 2022 Winter Games C. When and Where to Hold the 2022 Winter Games D. What to Expect from the 2022 Winter Games
(2) What does the underlined word "idle" probably mean in the text? A. Lazy. B. Not in use. C. Not serious. D. Not working hard.
(3) "By 2025, around 600, 000 new jobs will appear. " can be an example for "________". A. Transportation B. Winter sports C. Transformation D. Tourism
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