1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Daily life has its satisfactions: The perfect reply to a friend's text message; The first after-work drink; The sound of another government U-turn. But do any really compare to the joy of going to sleep? That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental hug of a bed?

Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life; emails, to-do lists and screens. For other people, it's the demands of work or family. Then there are those who can't sleep when they try. In 1895 the Earl of Rosebery resigned after barely a year as British prime minister, unable to overcome his insomnia(失眼眠症). Up to 1 in 10 adults meet the criteria for insomnia.

Stressing ourselves out about a lack of sleep can make the problem worse. In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about "orthosomnia", where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this.

Espie says we each have a sleep pattern that, like a shoe size, we figure out through trial and error. Genetically, some humans are larks(百灵鸟) and some are owls; the larks may just have better cardiovascular(心血管的)health. For an owl to try to fight their natural schedule, and sleep earlier, wouldn't necessarily help.

Once we weren't urged to sleep until we were dead. Now we are told to sleep or we'll be dead. Nowadays sleep is becoming something that people hope to excel at. About that I'm unconvinced. A good night's sleep is a great pleasure. As far as possible, it should also remain a simple one.

(1) What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about sleep problem? A. The criteria for insomnia. B. The dangers of poor sleep. C. The causes of inadequate sleep. D. The sleep situation of American people.
(2) What can we learn about "orthosomnia" in Paragraph 3? A. It is caused by extreme anxiety. B. It will worsen the sleep problem. C. It refers to the sleep environment. D. It can be improved by sleeping aids.
(3) What can we infer from Espie's words? A. Sleep pattern is related to humans' gene. B. The owls have better cardiovascular health. C. The sleep pattern of the larks is healthier. D. It is necessary to fight our natural schedule.
(4) What does the underlined phrase "excel at" mean in the last paragraph? A. Figure out. B. Be good at. C. Give way to. D. Compete with.
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 段落大意; 说明文; 医疗保健类;
【答案】

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阅读理解 常考题 普通
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1.阅读理解

After over a decade of faithful service my old desktop computer finally died. It simply wouldn't start. With no computer repair places open my daughter talked me into purchasing a new laptop to replace it. What followed was two days of pure frustration. It was like going from driving an old Model T Ford to flying the Space Shuttle.

After my daughter set it up, I looked for the old e-mail program I used to use, only to find that it wasn't on this model. When I tried to download the older version again it wouldn't work. I also had a terrible time downloading my old word processing program again. Then there were some difficulties of transferring all of my old stories that I had saved on a jump drive. The laptop computer's fancy new programs were an icon minefield that I had to navigate. Each time I accidentally touched one of them it changed everything on my screen and I had to work hard to figure out how to change them back. In the end I had screwed up the settings so badly that I asked my daughter to do a reset so we could start over. Finally after two days I think we have set up the new computer to do the few simple things I need it to do so I can ignore the thousand other functions that I have no use for. I only hope it will work as long and faithfully as my old desktop did.

One thing I did learn from all of this is that when it comes to computers and life I want to keep things simple, simple, simple. Life is simple. Love is simple. It is we who make things complicated. Take some time today then to turn off your electronics and turn on your heart. Be a person, not a program. Be yourself, not your "Selfie". Fill your days with purpose, your years with happiness, and your life with love.

(1) What was the author's old computer's problem? A. It was slow to function. B. It crashed completely. C. It was out of date. D. It kept restarting.
(2) What made the author frustrated in the following two days? A. She couldn't forget her old computer. B. She regretted not repairing her old computer. C. She didn't buy a more advanced computer. D. She had difficulty using the new computer.
(3) How did the author probably consider the new computer's thousand other functions? A. Useful. B. Unnecessary. C. Disappointing. D. Challenging.
(4) What is the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph? A. To explain her requirements for computers. B. To stress the importance of technology. C. To show the development of electronics. D. To express her attitude to life.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读理解

Margie wrote about it that night in her diary, "Today Tommy found a real book!"

It was a very old book. Margie's grandfather once said that when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper. They turned the pages,which were yellow and crinkly (皱巴巴的), and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to-on a screen.

"What's it about?"

"School."

Margie was scornful. "School? What's there to write about school?" Margie was always fed up with school. The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography. So she said to Tommy, "Why would anyone write about school?"

Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes, "Because it's not our kind of school, stupid. This is the old kind of school that they had centuries ago."

She read the book over his shoulder for a while, then said, " Anyway, they had a teacher."

"Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn't a regular teacher. It was a man."

"A man isn't smart enough." She added, "I wouldn't want a strange man in my house to teach me."

Tommy screamed with laughter. "You don't know much, Margie. They had a special building and all the kids of the same age went there, learning the same thing from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. On Weekdays.

They weren't even half-finished when Margie's mother called, "Margie! School!" Margie looked up. "Not yet, Mamma." "Now!" said Mrs. Jones.

Actually the mechanical teacher was on and waiting for her. It was always on at the same time every day except Saturday and Sunday, because her mother said little girls learned better if they learned at regular time.

The large screen was lit up."Today's math lesson is on the addition of proper fractions (分数). Please insert yesterday's homework in the proper slot (插槽), " Margie did so with a sigh. She was thinking about how the kids must have loved it in the old days. All the kids from the whole neighborhood came, siting together in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day. And the teachers were people. She was thinking about the fun they had.

(1) What does the underlined word "scornful" in Para.5 mean? A. Interested. B. Amazed. C. Doubtful. D. Disrespectful.
(2) Where is Margie's schoolroom? A. Inside her house. B. In a special building. C. On a large screen. D. Around her neighborhood.
(3) What is the similarity between the school in the book and the one Margie attended? A. Teachers of great wisdom. B. Classmates of the same age. C. Regular schooling hours. D. Advanced learning equipment.
(4) Which of the following may Margie agree with? A. Doing math homework is more than funny. B. The school life in the old days is much more appealing. C. Mechanical teachers are more suitable in teaching for her. D. Reading on a screen is more convenient than reading a real book.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通
3.阅读理解

It may not be rocket science, but researchers have found aerospace engineers and neurosurgeons (神经外科医生) are not necessarily brighter than the general population.

Researchers examined data from an international group of 329 aerospace engineers and 72 brain surgeons who completed 12 tasks online using the Great British Intelligence Test.

The tasks examined various aspects of cognition (认知), including planning and reasoning, working memory, attention, and emotion processing abilities. The researchers then compared the results against those previously gathered from more than 18,000 members of the British public.

The findings, which were recently published, reveal that only neurosurgeons showed a significant difference, with quicker problem-solving speed but slower memory recall compared with the general population. "The difference in problem-solving speed exhibited by neurosurgeons might arise from the fast-paced nature of neurosurgery, which attracts those with a pre-existing talent for rapid processing, or it could be, though less likely, a product of training for rapid decision-making in time-critical situations," the researchers noted.

The researchers said the study was, in part, carried out to lay to rest the question of whether one of the professions had the intellectual upper hand-a tension made famous by a comedy show in which a confident neurosurgeon is slapped down by an aerospace expert who says, "Brain surgery... it's not exactly rocket science, is it?"

However, the team found few differences between the cognitive abilities of aerospace engineers and neuroscientists, although the results suggest the former had higher scores for attention and mental control—such as turning objects in one's head—while neurosurgeons showed higher scores in semantic (语义的) problem solving—such as definitions of rare words.

"Essentially what we think it shows is that everyone has a range of skills, some people are better at some things and other people are better at other things, and it is very difficult to be better in everything across the board," said Aswin Chari, an author of the study.

(1) What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The research subjects. B. The research method. C. The research aspects. D. The research background.
(2) What seemed to be the major cause of neurosurgeons' quicker problem-solving speed shown in the study? A. Fast development of neurosurgery. B. Talent of neurosurgeons. C. Training for rapid decision-making. D. Nature of problem solving.
(3) The study was conducted partly because the researchers. A. attempted to answer the question asked by the aerospace expert in the show B. were eager to solve the conflicts between neurosurgeons and aerospace engineers C. intended to settle the argument over the intellectual superiority of the two professions D. wanted to find out which of the two professions was more intellectually demanding
(4) What is most likely to be the purpose of this text? A. To inform people of the results of a cognitive study. B. To encourage people to be confident in themselves. C. To reduce prejudice against certain professions. D. To correct misunderstandings about intelligence.
阅读理解 常考题 普通