A robot the size of a large bulldozer(推土机)moves along the bottom of the deep sea. It eats metallic.(含金属的)rock and soft mud. The stuff travels up a long pipe to a ship, where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud back into the ocean. This is a mining operation. The rock contains a mixture of metals, including ones called rare earth metals. People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.
Deep-sea mining hasn't happened yet. But it probably will occur within the next decade. No country owns any part of the deep sea. So an organization called the International Seabed Authority(ISA)decides who is allowed to mine there. The ISA has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for mining. One company plans to begin mining in the year 2027.
Scientists and environmentalists, though, warn that mining could destroy deep-sea ecosystem. In 1989, ecologist Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test. His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean, in a spot with lots of the metallic rocks that miners want. They didn't actually collect any of the rocks. But they disturbed the mud, just as a mining operation would. The plume(飘升之物)of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there. As of 2015, the area they disturbed had not recovered. Signs of the search are still there. Sponges(海绵动物), corals, and other animals have not moved back in. That means mining could have harmful, long-lasting consequences for deep ocean life. Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.
Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great, but people need those metals. "Mines on land are soon going to run out," geologist Steven Scott of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine, "Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it…we need raw resources." New energy technologies including solar and wind power and electric cars, rely on these metals as well. We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener energy sources.