1.阅读理解

A robot the size of a large bulldozer(推土机)moves along the bottom of the deep sea. It eats metallic.(含金属的)rock and soft mud. The stuff travels up a long pipe to a ship, where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud back into the ocean. This is a mining operation. The rock contains a mixture of metals, including ones called rare earth metals. People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.

Deep-sea mining hasn't happened yet. But it probably will occur within the next decade. No country owns any part of the deep sea. So an organization called the International Seabed Authority(ISA)decides who is allowed to mine there. The ISA has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for mining. One company plans to begin mining in the year 2027.

Scientists and environmentalists, though, warn that mining could destroy deep-sea ecosystem. In 1989, ecologist Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test. His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean, in a spot with lots of the metallic rocks that miners want. They didn't actually collect any of the rocks. But they disturbed the mud, just as a mining operation would. The plume(飘升之物)of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there. As of 2015, the area they disturbed had not recovered. Signs of the search are still there. Sponges(海绵动物), corals, and other animals have not moved back in. That means mining could have harmful, long-lasting consequences for deep ocean life. Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.

Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great, but people need those metals. "Mines on land are soon going to run out," geologist Steven Scott of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine, "Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it…we need raw resources." New energy technologies including solar and wind power and electric cars, rely on these metals as well. We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener energy sources.

(1) Why is a deep-sea mining operation carried out? A. To test the function of the underwater robot. B. To separate the rock from the mud. C. To obtain rare earth metals. D. To study the elements of the deep-sea mud.
(2) What can we learn about ISA according to the passage? A. It possesses the ownership of the whole deep sea. B. It may help the deep-sea exploration carried out scientifically. C. It can make the deep-sea natural resources shared fairly. D. It works out mining plans for different countries.
(3) What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People depend on rare earth metals for car production. B. We mustn't mine anything from the deep sea. C. Deep-sea resources will replace those on land. D. Rare earth metals help us develop green energy.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 环境保护类;
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1.阅读理解

Xi Jinping's announcement that China will stop funding overseas coal projects could buy the world about three more months in the race to keep global heating to a relatively safe level of 1.5C, experts say.

Although the impact will depend on implementation(实施), China's declaration should also help to kill off coal, which has been humanity's primary power source for most of the last 200 years.

The immediate impact is likely to be felt in the countries that rely most heavily on Chinese funding for new coal projects. The governments in these nations will now have to decide whether to find alternative funding from the private sector, where the borrowing costs can be high — as Pakistan has recently found out — or whether to shift to renewables, which Xi has promised to support.

Despite the uncertainties over implementation, Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst of the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, said China's announcement would accelerate decarbonisation. "Countries now know that going forward, there is no financing on the table for coal. That should clarify things a lot."

Another positive knock-on effect would be to push Japan to follow suit. The government in Tokyo has already taken steps in this direction but left a door open for financing by its private-sector institutions. Their geopolitical reason had been that they did not want to leave China as the only option for regional energy projects. With Xi's announcement, they now have no excuse not to slam the door shut for good. Likewise for South Korea, formerly one of the world's biggest coal backers, which has recently moved towards decarbonisation.

(1) What is the significance of China's stopping funding overseas coal projects? A. Some countries will have to borrow money from the private sector.  B. The speed of global warming might be slowed down a bit.  C. Coal will no longer be a major source of power from now on.  D. The whole world will turn to clean and sustainable energies.
(2) What does the underlined sentence probably mean?  A. Countries must face the fact that there will be no more fund for their coal projects.  B. With China stopping to fund new coal projects, the sky will be a lot cleaner.  C. It is now quite clear who should be responsible for funding new coal projects. D. There is no doubt that no country is going to afford coal in the future. 
(3) What will Japan possibly do next?  A. It will leave China as the only country for regional energy projects.  B. It will allow its private-sector institutions to finance coal projects.  C. It will follow in the footsteps of China and move toward decarbonization.  D. It will learn from South Korea and continue to be a coal backer.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通
2.阅读理解

Frustrated by an increase in wild boar(野猪) attacks, officials in Hong Kong used bread to attract and trap some of the animals in a district close to the city Press reported. Wild boars can be seen frequently along Hong Kong fuse to obey orders from authorities to stop feeding them because they can gather in large groups and pass along diseases. Attacks by wild boars have also become an increasingly common issue. In an attack last week, a wild boar knocked down a police officer and bit his leg last week before the animal fell from a residential car park and died.

Government data indicates that there are roughly 3,000 wild boars in Hong Kong. They are not a protected species. Though Hong Kong authorities have attempted to naturally cut down the boar population, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department said it " could not effectively control the wild pig disturbance." "A large group of wild pigs continued to wander and gather at the site, posing threats to members of the public and road users," a statement from the department read.

Since the attack on the police officer, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam has cautioned that the city could impose more severe punishment against people who continue to feed the boars. "I understand that a lot of Hong Kong people love the wetlands and nature. However, we also need to protect public safety.We can't simply sit on our hands while things worsen," she added.

Philanthropic group ADM Capital Foundation, the Hong Kong Veterinary Association and other animal rights organizations have since sent an open letter to the government criticizing its shift in policy to kill the boars. A request by groups including Hong Kong Animal Post and Hong Kong Wild Boar Concern Group said that the measures announced by the agriculture department to regularly capture and put down wild boars "ignore their right to live. This approach is extremely unreasonable and contradicts previous animal management policy principles."

Hong Kong needs legislative reform to deal with the current gaps in existing laws, so that wildlife feeding is an illegal activity, punishment is severe and can be enforced effectively.

(1) What do you know about the wild boars in Hong Kong? A. They do not hurt human beings unless they are attacked. B. They are endangered species with a very small population. C. If gathering in groups it is easy for them to spread diseases. D. They are seen frequently close to the city's financial center.
(2) What does the underlined phrase "sit on our hands" mean in paragraph 3? A. Keep cautious. B. See before acting. C. Take immediate actions. D. Look on indifferently.
(3) What is the attitude of some animal rights organizations towards killing the boars? A. Neutral. B. Worried C. Favorable. D. Disapproval.
(4) What may be the most reasonable measure to take based on the whole text? A. Making severe laws to ban wildlife feeding. B. Naturally cutting down the boar population. C. Regularly capturing and putting down wild boars. D. Calling on citizens to keep distance from wild boars.
阅读理解 模拟题 普通
3.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Growing up on a farm, I learned from my parents about the large bees we called mangangava. But in college, when I gave a presentation about those bees, I didn't mention their familiar name; instead I used formal terms when describing their adaptations for pollinating (授粉). I was afraid of being judged for expressing my personal knowledge in a science class. But when the instructor pressed me to tell the class whether I'd seen the bees myself and what I called them, my views and my whole career path began to change. I realized my background was valuable, and that my calling was to help educate others like me.

My parents worked on a small farm and I often helped out when I was not in school. They had a close relationship with nature, something they learned from my grandparents and passed down to me. This was why I became interested in biology.

In college, I joined a series of labs to gain research experience, but my interest in pursuing a career as a scientist began to wane after I realized my research was not helping poor people like my parents. As a black student from a rural community, I also felt out of place in most classes. The feeling of not belonging circled in my head. I sometimes thought about giving up.

My instructor's request that I share my knowledge of the mangangava bee changed my view. She saw that tapping into my personal experiences would help me grasp the scientific concepts. No other professor had shown that kind of sensitivity, which helped me realize I did have a place in higher education and that I didn't need to hide who I truly am.

I'm now a master's student in education, working on a project that explores the connection between science and traditional knowledge. I don't think I'd be here if I hadn't crossed paths with my instructor. We need more educators and scientists like her-people who can serve as role models and know that the best way to nurture new scientists is to allow students to be themselves.

(1) What did the author initially think of his background when in college? A. It was something he wanted to hide. B. It motivated him to carry on his research. C. It wasn't adequate for his college studies. D. It gave him an advantage over others.
(2) What does the underlined word "wane" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. maintain B. shape C. fade D. rise
(3) What should a good educator do according to the author? A. To value students' personal knowledge and views. B. To be equipped with rich knowledge of a certain field. C. To treat students from different backgrounds equally. D. To inspire students to work as hard as he or she does.
阅读理解 常考题 普通