1.阅读理解

Growing up, I was often the first Jewish person my classmates had ever met. I lived in Mississauga, Ontario, and was the only Jewish student in my grade 一 sometimes the only one in the whole school. This difference set me apart.

Every September, I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know. The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. I flatted that my teachers would label me the "Jewish kid".

The real trouble always came as the local new year's festival approached. I was Jewish and celebrated Hanukkah, not this festival. At school, on one day before the winter break, every class would sit in neat rows in the gym and sing songs from the festival. However, the music teacher sometimes played Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel, a Jewish festival song, and I would feel hundreds of eyes staring at my red cheeks. As my friends counted down the days until the festival, I counted the days until it was over and I could go back to feeling normal.

Each year during primary school, my mother would coordinate (协调)with my teacher to come to my class and tell the story of Hanukkah. She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age. Every time I would proudly stand beside her as she told the story of Hanukkah and explained the symbols. The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions. After my mom left, I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.

My mom's annual visits to my school sparked (激发) interest from other parents as well. Over the years, we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.

My mom showed me, my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be celebrated and shared, an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.

(1) What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Noticed. B. Disagreed. C. Worried. D. Expected.
(2) What really annoyed the author during the local festival? A. Being a trick target. B. Singing holiday songs. C. Being culturally different. D. Celebrating others' festival.
(3) How did the author's classmates react to Mom's coming? A. They welcomed it warmly. B. They gave away her treats. C. They showed off themselves. D. They expressed sympathy for her.
(4) Which of the following best states what Mom did at school? A. She protected her child from being hurt. B. She encouraged cross-cultural understanding. C. She made Hanukkah a school-celebrated festival. D. She saved the Jewish tradition from being changed.
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1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Yes, having a big name in science will help get your paper published, a new study confirms. Involving hundreds of researchers reviewing an economics paper, the study found that reviewers were more likely to recommend acceptance when the paper was associated with a famous author compared to a lesser-known one.

The Matthew effect, a term coined in 1968 to describe this prejudice, has been a topic of concern among scientists for years. However, previous efforts to document this prejudice had limitations such as small sample sizes or lack of randomization. To address these issues, a team from the University of Innsbruck conducted an extensive study.

The team sent emails to about 3,300 researchers, inviting them to review an economics paper for a real journal. The paper had two authors: Vernon Smith, a Nobel Prize winner, and Sabiou Inoua, one of Smith's former Ph. D. students. The potential reviewers received one of three descriptions of the paper: one mentioning only Smith, another mentioning only Inoua, and a third with no author mentioned. Of the researchers who agreed to review the paper, Smith's fame influenced their responses. When given only Smith's name, 38.5% accepted the invitation to review, while the figures were 30.7% for those given no name and 28.5% for those given only Inoua's name.

To further avoid prejudice, the team randomly assigned the 313 reviewers who initially received no author's name to review one of three papers: one credited to Smith alone, another to Inoua alone,and a third with no authors listed. Reviewers rated the paper credited to Smith the highest, praising its inclusion of new information and data-supported conclusions. The version with no authors received recommendations for acceptance from 24% of reviewers, more than double the percentage for the version credited only to Inoua.

The team warned against evaluating identical work differently based on the author's identity and suggested that double-blind reviews may reduce the prejudice. However, this approach may not be effective as reviewers can often identify authors through preprints or conference presentations.

(1) What does the term "the Matthew effect" refer to according to this passage? A. A topic of public concern. B. A preference in publication. C. A document describing coins. D. A way to get papers accepted.
(2) Why did the team from the University of Innsbruck carry out the extensive study? A. To review an economics paper. B. To find fault with prior studies. C. To further investigate an effect. D. To study how to release papers.
(3) What are presented in paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Data reception and release. B. Paper description and scores. C. Research methods and findings. D. Authors' identities and responses.
(4) What does the team suggest to reduce the prejudice? A. Revising the review method. B. Reading the online preprint. C. Assessing different works. D. Adding new information.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2. 阅读理解

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.

In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.

About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.

(1) What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
(2) What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
(3) What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
(4) Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
阅读理解 真题 普通
3. 阅读理解

Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that's when I started photography."

Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as one of their featured photo graphers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak of my career. It was incredible."

Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic(流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web."

(1) What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Doogue? A. How Doogue became depressed. B. Why Doogue took up photography. C. Why Doogue wanted to end his life. D. When Doogue turned photographer.
(2) How did photography benefit Doogue? A. It helped him to escape from pressure. B. It provided him with life-saving skills. C. It gave him a new way to express himself. D. It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
(3) What causes Scottish men to develop mental health problems? A. The way men employ to solve problems. B. The lack of love for men's life and work. C. The belief that men are expected to be strong. D. The worry that men get separated from people.
(4) What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text? A. To introduce Doogue's fighting depression. B. To advise the readers to get close to nature. C. To show the benefits of nature photography. D. To warn the seriousness of mental problems.
阅读理解 未知 普通