1.  阅读理解

Recently I've been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better "me". The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can't go past.

The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and sensitive topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others' expectations. It's a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.

These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it's easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments. You'll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.

You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarizing (两极分化) and I certainly don't agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that's the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.

(1) Which category does the book belong to? A. Self-improvement. B. Philosophy theory. C. Collection of experiences. D. Biography of Alfred Adler.
(2) Which statement might the fictional philosopher agree with? A. People are free of their past influence. B. People can take charge of their life course. C. People should live up to others' expectations. D. People ought to take their limitations seriously.
(3) How does the book develop? A. By listing sufficient data. B. By making comparisons. C. By following the time line. D. By presenting dialogues.
(4) Why is the book popular with readers? A. It shows ideas in plain language. B. It displays the scientific statistics. C. It offers balanced sides to the topics. D. It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
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1. Reading Comprehension

"Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state," says the "grande dame" of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and

Inhalations.

A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer.

Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.

"A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion," says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida.

HERE'S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO:

Digest a big meal: A few drops of diluted peppermint. "It calms down the digestive system," Rose says.

Forget it's freezing outside: "Conifer oils, like pine, black spruce, cedar and Christmas fir, can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled," Rose says. Citrus oils like orange or tangerine, which are reminders of summertime, are also good.

Settle down after a big party: Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. "They'll knock your kids right out," Sheppard-Hanger says.

Get out of bed on a dark, cold morning: Peppermint, or any mint really, can provide a morning jolt when inhaled.

Kill germs: Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine, to help clean the air during sickness.

Decongest a nose: Eucalyptus, spruce or rosemary work for this. Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.

(1) What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations? A. Gardeners who provide raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils. B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health. C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils. D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.
(2) What is the appropriate way of using essential oils? A. Spritz the oil directly around a room. B. Mix them with cream in proportion. C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle. D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy.
(3) The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________. A. peppermint oils B. conifer oils C. citrus oils D. spruce oils
阅读理解 普通
2. 阅读理解

Some events have been added to the 2024 Olympias, with breakdancing, surfing, and sport climbing among the recent additions. A group of terms come with them that are foreign to the French language. Some French-language purists point out it's too much to bear to rely on English to praise surfers on their "nose riding"-standing on the front of the board. They've decided they need a French solution.

The French government has created a team of language experts devoted to promoting the national language. They will meet periodically over the next couple of years to identify and define new sports terms. The French battle against the influence of other languages isn't new. In 1994,the Toubon law was passed, forcing the use of French in all government publications,contracts and advertisements. Yet it contained several loopholes (漏洞), which allow brands and companies to extensively use English. As a result, anglicisms-words from the English language used in another language-are becoming more obvious.

Julie Neveux, linguistics professor at Sorbonne University in Paris, said anglicisms are "sometimes estimated at just under 5% of the present vocabulary, but they are disturbing because they show that we follow an economy and cultural model other than our own." They are particularly present in sports competitions and events, during which athletes from around the world are used to communicating in English. "Sport was one of the first areas to be globalized, "said sports historian Michael Attali.

Despite their best efforts, no committee has successfully prevented English from influencing everyday language. "Similar committees have been put in place in the past, but nothing has changed so far," said Attali.

"There are far fewer anglicisms in French than there are French words in English. " said Neveux, adding these exchanges should not be seen as a threat. "All living languages exist by borrowing from each other. Languages only exist thanks to their impurity. "

(1) What goal will the team of language experts try to achieve according to Paragraph 2? A. To speed up the spread of French in the world. B. To make French influence other languages. C. To promote national brands and companies. D. To decide on some new French sports terms.
(2) What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. English words. B. Anglicisms. C. French expressions. D. Newly created phrases.
(3) What's the result of the previous efforts to stop English from influencing other languages? A. Fruitless. B. Remarkable. C. Important. D. Unmentioned.
(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. English is the most popular of all. B. All languages should stay pure. C. Neveux welcomes the impurity of language. D. The exchanges between languages should be avoided.
阅读理解 普通
3. 阅读理解

Since early May 2022, cases of monkeypox (猴痘) have been reported from countries where the disease is not endemic(地方性流行的), and continue to be reported in several endemic countries. Most confirmed cases with travel history reported travel to countries in Europe and North America, rather than West or Central Africa where the monkeypox virus is endemic. This is the first time that many monkeypox cases and clusters have been reported concurrently in non-endemic and endemic countries in widely disparate geographical areas. Click here for more information.

WHO is collaborating with health authorities to prevent further spread of the disease. We are issuing guidance to help countries on surveillance, laboratory work, clinical care, infection prevention and control, as well as risk communication and community engagement to inform communities at risk and the broader general public about monkeypox and how to keep safe.

You can catch monkeypox through close contact with someone who has symptoms. Close contact includes skin-to-skin; face-to-face; mouth-to-skin; and mouth-to-mouth. You can also catch monkeypox from contaminated bedding, towels, surfaces or objects.

Protect yourself

• If someone you know is diagnosed with or has suspected monkeypox, avoid close contact with them

• Know the symptoms and check yourself regularly

• If you have symptoms, seek health advice and self-isolate while you wait to get tested

• Get vaccinated if it is available to you

• Clean and disinfect environments that could have been contaminated with the virus from someone who is infectious

• Stay informed about monkeypox in your area

• Have open, non-judgmental conversations with people you come into close contact with about any symptoms you or they may have

Protect others if you are recovering from monkeypox at home

• Isolate in a separate room

• Use a separate bathroom, or clean and disinfect it (with household disinfectant) after each use

• Clean hands frequently using soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer

• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects

• Avoid sweeping and vacuuming

• Use separate dishes, cups, bedding, towels and electronics

• Do your own laundry. Put everything in a plastic bag before carrying it to the washing machine. Use soap and water > 60 degrees.

• Open windows

(1) What should we do when interacting with infected people? A. Talk with them. B. Gossip about how they were infected. C. Be friendly and shake hands with them. D. Disinfect surfaces or objects touched by them.
(2) If you are recovering from monkeypox at home, which is WRONG to protect others? A. Keep good ventilation. B. Clean the floor frequently. C. Don't do laundry with your family. D. Sanitize the bathroom after each use.
(3) Where is this text probably taken from? A. A website. B. A book. C. A brochure. D. An advertisement.
阅读理解 普通