阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 When you talk about, or even think about Iron Man, the first image that pops into your head is the red and gold suit worn by Tony Stark. It provides Stark strength, protection against most attacks (攻击) and the power of flight. Iron Man is just a story, but the suit is not. Engineers call it an exoskeleton (外骨骼). It is the protective or supporting structure covering the outside of the body. In fact, the exoskeletons were used in hospitals at first. They have changed the lives of many people with injuries (受伤) or illnesses that affect movement. A disease had paralyzed Stacey Kozel and she could not walk anymore. But in 2016, she went hiking with an exoskeleton. In recent years, more and more exoskeletons have been used in factories. It is easy for people to do the tiring or dangerous work with the exoskeletons. "We usually pay attention to efficiency (效率). Using the exoskeletons saves us much time and money. The workers can make more products at the same time. "One factory manager said. "Also, wearing the exoskeletons can reduce the risk of injury. "What's more, exoskeletons can be used in rescue (救援) operations, providing workers with a lot of strength to lift heavy objects while protecting them from being hurt by falling weights. However, the global spread of exoskeletons remains difficult. For one thing today's exoskeletons are expensive because they need to be charged (充电) regularly. For another, most exoskeletons can help people do only one type of movement. A company called SuitX is developing new forms of exoskeletons now. The company hopes people of all ages can use their products in the future. That would be really cool, but some people worry that the technology will divide humanity. People who can afford exoskeletons will become stronger and achieve more than those without suits. We may end up with two classes of humanity: the superhumans and everybody else. That wouldn't be fair. Also, researchers have found that when people work in exoskeletons, muscles (肌肉) compete with each other, causing the brain to work less efficiently. Over time, it can also cause harm to the body. So will exoskeletons harm or benefit humanity? No one knows for sure. More research is needed.

1. 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

When you talk about, or even think about Iron Man, the first image that pops into your head is the red and gold suit worn by Tony Stark. It provides Stark strength, protection against most attacks (攻击) and the power of flight. Iron Man is just a story, but the suit is not. Engineers call it an exoskeleton (外骨骼). It is the protective or supporting structure covering the outside of the body.

In fact, the exoskeletons were used in hospitals at first. They have changed the lives of many people with injuries (受伤) or illnesses that affect movement. A disease had paralyzed Stacey Kozel and she could not walk anymore. But in 2016, she went hiking with an exoskeleton. In recent years, more and more exoskeletons have been used in factories. It is easy for people to do the tiring or dangerous work with the exoskeletons. "We usually pay attention to efficiency (效率). Using the exoskeletons saves us much time and money. The workers can make more products at the same time. "One factory manager said. "Also, wearing the exoskeletons can reduce the risk of injury. "What's more, exoskeletons can be used in rescue (救援) operations, providing workers with a lot of strength to lift heavy objects while protecting them from being hurt by falling weights.

However, the global spread of exoskeletons remains difficult. For one thing today's exoskeletons are expensive because they need to be charged (充电) regularly. For another, most exoskeletons can help people do only one type of movement. A company called SuitX is developing new forms of exoskeletons now. The company hopes people of all ages can use their products in the future.

That would be really cool, but some people worry that the technology will divide humanity. People who can afford exoskeletons will become stronger and achieve more than those without suits. We may end up with two classes of humanity: the superhumans and everybody else. That wouldn't be fair. Also, researchers have found that when people work in exoskeletons, muscles (肌肉) compete with each other, causing the brain to work less efficiently. Over time, it can also cause harm to the body.

So will exoskeletons harm or benefit humanity? No one knows for sure. More research is needed.

(1) What is an exoskeleton?

(2) What did Stacey Kozel do with an exoskeleton in 2016?

(3) Why are today's exoskeletons expensive?

(4) Would you like to have an exoskeleton? Why or why not? (List at least two reasons)

【考点】

任务型阅读; 科普类; 说明文;

【答案】

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阅读表达普通

1. Answer the following questions. (根据短文内容回答下列问题)

A major development to self-driving cars may change the way we will drive in the future. Google, the leading company in self-driving technology, has changed its development plan. It had driverless cars built by car factories, but now will start building its own cars.

Google has started to build some kinds of experimental electric self- driving cars that look like a Smart car or Fiat 500. There is no steering wheel (方向盘)，gas pedal (油门) or brake (刹车). The only thing a human passenger controls is a red "e-stop" button for fear stops and a start button. The car's only "friendly" face is designed to make it help people accept self-driving technology.

Google workers took part in a long experiment, in which they used self-driving cars for their usual travel to work. No accident happened, but Google's heads realized that depending on a human passenger to drive in an emergency wouldn't work because they may be reading, working, or sleeping. Now the self-driving car drives by itself if the driver takes his hands off the wheel for over ten seconds.

Google's self-driving cars are now limited to a speed of 25 miles per hour for safety reasons. The cars aren't allowed to drive on highways. However, a Google engineer said that once the cars are solved to run safely, we can drive at the speed of 50, even 80 miles an hour.

Google recently announced that its cars had covered 700,000 miles of public roads, and they were now running in busy city streets. People who love self-driving cars say this will improve transport by making roads safer, cutting down accident, and making less pollution.

(1) Google is planning to start building its own driverless car, isn't it?

(2) How does a human passenger control the self-driving car?

(3) Why does Google "give" the self-driving car a "friendly" face?

(4) What will the new self-driving car do when the human driver takes his hands off the wheel for over ten seconds?

(5) How fast can we drive a self-driving car at the moment?

(6) Would you like to drive such a cute self-driving car to work in the future? Why? (Give at least two reasons.)

阅读表达普通

2. 阅读表达

Energy is something that makes things work or causes changes. Light, heat, sound and electricity are forms of energy. Here is an introduction to them.

Light comes from the sun. It also comes from flashlights, candles and streetlights. Light is important because it lets us see things. It can pass through clear objects, such as clear glass or clear plastic. But it cannot pass through objects that are not clear. Sunglasses will stop some light and protect our eyes.

Heat comes from many things. The sun makes the earth's land, water and air warm. （A）We get heat from burning things like wood or coal. Heat is an important energy for us. Heat makes our body and our homes warm in winter. We also use heat to cook.

Sound is a kind of energy that you can hear. Sound is made when something vibrates（振动）. When you talk or sing, put your hand on the side of your neck. Then you will feel your neck vibrating. When you hit a drum, the drum and the air around it vibrate. When the vibrating air reaches your ears, you hear the sound. There are loud sounds and soft sounds. When you shout, you make a loud sound. When you speak very quietly, you make a soft sound. All sound has pitch（音高）. A drum is an instrument with a low pitch. A bell is an instrument with a high pitch.

Electricity is made by burning fuel（燃料）. Electricity moves through wires into buildings and homes. It gives many things power to work. Electricity makes lamps, computers, fridges, TVs and many machines work. Electricity makes streetlights shine. Electricity can run through water, so never use it near water.

(1) Where does light come from?

(2) Translate the underlined sentence（A）into Chinese.

(3) Why can people hear the sound of a drum?

(4) Ask ONE question about the last paragraph with How, What, Why…

(5) What is the main idea of the passage?

阅读表达普通

3. 阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 回答下列问题。

Everyone has their favorite food. Some might love chocolate. Some might love potato chips. Think about your favorite food. Have you ever wondered why your favorite food tastes so delicious？ The answer is about your tongue（舌头）and nose. There are some taste buds（味蕾） on your tongue. They give you the sense of taste. How do the taste buds work? In fact, there are many tiny hairs on the taste buds. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about how something tastes. In this way, you know whether it is sweet, sour, bitter or salty.

A person has about 10, 000 taste buds. They keep working all the time when we enjoy our food. The taste buds don't always stay the same. They are replaced（更新）every two weeks or so.

However, as a person gets older, some of these taste buds don't get replaced. The old may only have 5, 000 working taste buds. That's why some foods may taste stronger for you than they do for the old.

Besides your tongue, your nose also helps you learn about the taste of food. Sometimes, strong smells can even confuse（使困惑）your sense of taste. Try holding an onion under your nose while eating an apple. What do you taste?

So next time you enjoy salty pizza and sweet ice cream, thank your tongue and your nose. Without them, you won't have any sense of taste at all. Without the sense of taste, life will be boring.

(1) Why does your favorite food taste good?

(2) How do the taste buds work according to the passage?

(3) How often are the taste buds replaced?

(4) Does only your tongue help you learn about the taste of food?

(5) How will people feel if they don't have the sense of taste?

阅读表达困难