阅读理解 In 1901, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian scientist, discovered that there are four types of blood. These four blood types are named A, B, AB and O. People have one of these four types. Blood type O is the most common around the world. Blood type A is the second most common, and type AB is the least common. If people with type A blood are given type B blood, or people with type B blood are given type A blood, they will probably die. In 1927, a Japanese doctor, Furukawa Takeji, did a research and found that people with different blood types also have different personalities (性格). He said that people with type A blood are usually calm and serious； people with type B blood are curious (好奇的), cheerful, and outgoing; people with type O blood are generous (慷慨的) and honest; while those with type AB blood are often caring, creative and careful. More recently, a doctor in the United States wrote a book that connects blood types with what people eat. For example, his book suggests people with type O blood should eat more meat and less bread and people with type A blood should eat more vegetables. His book, Eat Right for Your Type, has been popular with people who want to lose weight. However, Dr. Peter D'Adamo believes that if a person wants to lose weight easily, he had better eat food that matches his blood type. He thinks it will make the person healthier in other ways, too.

1. 阅读理解

In 1901, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian scientist, discovered that there are four types of blood. These four blood types are named A, B, AB and O. People have one of these four types. Blood type O is the most common around the world. Blood type A is the second most common, and type AB is the least common. If people with type A blood are given type B blood, or people with type B blood are given type A blood, they will probably die.

In 1927, a Japanese doctor, Furukawa Takeji, did a research and found that people with different blood types also have different personalities (性格). He said that people with type A blood are usually calm and serious； people with type B blood are curious (好奇的), cheerful, and outgoing; people with type O blood are generous (慷慨的) and honest; while those with type AB blood are often caring, creative and careful.

More recently, a doctor in the United States wrote a book that connects blood types with what people eat. For example, his book suggests people with type O blood should eat more meat and less bread and people with type A blood should eat more vegetables. His book, Eat Right for Your Type, has been popular with people who want to lose weight. However, Dr. Peter D'Adamo believes that if a person wants to lose weight easily, he had better eat food that matches his blood type. He thinks it will make the person healthier in other ways, too.

(1) Karl Landsteiner discovered that___________. A. there are four types of personalities B. blood is divided into four types C. blood types are connected with what people eat

(2) Where did Furukawa Takeji come from? A. Japan. B. America. C. Austria.

(3) What kind of people are more interested in Eat Right for Your Type? A. People with type B blood. B. People who are too heavy. C. People who are thin.

(4) From the passage we can infer (推断) that__________. A. people with type B blood can't be given type A blood B. people with type AB blood are calm and honest C. people with type O blood should eat more vegetables and less bread

(5) What is the passage mainly about? A. The types of blood. B. Blood types and personalities. C. Three men's discoveries or research about blood types.

【考点】

科普类; 记叙文;

【答案】

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阅读选择普通

1. 阅读下列材料，从 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案

Dr. Nate Lewis patiently adds a chemical to a machine in his laboratory. The chemical smells a little bit like rotten (变质的) fish. We know that because we have our noses to smell and know it. Dr. Lewis, however, wonders if his machine can smell the chemical, too. The machine is actually an electronic nose.

You might wonder why anyone would want to build an electronic nose. After all, if you want to smell something, you can just breathe in through your own nose. For example, it's common for someone to smell a bottle of milk to check if it has gone bad. But imagine if a person had to smell the thousands of bottles of milk that farms produce every day-all that milk would go bad long before the testing was done! The food industry uses electronic noses every day to test the foods for freshness.

There are millions of different smells in the world. How can our nose tell the difference between all these smells? Scientists know there are cells in our noses that act as smell detectors (探测器). They think that a certain pattern of cells respond (回应) to every smell. Our nose creates a fingerprint for each smell using this pattern. Our brain understands all the odor (气味) fingerprints, Dr. Lewis's electronic nose works like the human nose to detect odor fingerprints.

The biggest difference, however, between human noses and the electronic noses that have been built so far is the brain. We need our brains to explain each smell we meet. But the electronic nose can only identify the chemical makeup of a smell while our brain can decide whether something your nose smells is good or bad. "It doesn't know which smells it likes and which is terrible because it can't think." explains Dr. Lewis.

Dr. Lewis is working on how to make the electronic nose get smarter. Maybe someday fridges with electronic noses will tell you when food has gone bad, or your locker room will use them to remind you to wash your sports clothes. There are many possible uses for a machine to take the place of the human nose. Every day scientists are getting closer to building a more perfect electronic nose.

(1) What does the writer mean by saying the underlined sentence "all that milk would go bad long before the testing was done" in Paragraph 2? A. It's necessary to invent an electronic nose. B. The test machine usually makes the milk go bad. C. We don't need to test the smell of the milk every day. D. It takes electronic noses a long time to test the smell.

(2) What can we know about Dr. Lewis's electronic nose? A. It must work together with human noses. B. It works like other electronic noses. C. Its working process (过程) is similar to human noses. D. It can't tell the rotten food at all.

(3) Which of the following statement might the writer agree with? A. Electronic noses will help us wash clothes. B. Electronic noses will disappear sooner or later. C. Electronic noses will be widely used in our daily life. D. Electronic noses will completely take the place of human noses to tell the smell.

阅读选择普通

2. 阅读理解

"If you are not fat, you must be a thin man. ""For every minute of breathing, 60 seconds pass. ""Why do you say I am lazy? Obviously, I didn't do anything. "

Nonsense? Yes. These sentences look like they make sense, but they actually express little useful information. They are part of a recent Internet sentence-making craze called "nonsense literature(文学)".

"Nonsense literature" was originally invented by Internet users to make fun of the empty, fussy (过分讲究的) and redundant(累赘的) writing style often used by media and some famous people. Like any good Internet joke, it became a popular word game. Plenty of "nonsense" has been created. "Every time I don't know what to say, I don't know what to say. " "Listening to your words is like listening to words. "

Some even said that famous writers like Lu Xun used the style. For example, they said, Lu Xun once wrote: There are two trees in my backyard. One is a jujube tree, and the other is also a jujube tree.

Is it true? Not really. Repetition in writing is not necessarily "nonsense literature". Lu Xun's writing on the jujube trees comes from a piece of his articles. If you have read it, as well as understanding his time of writing, you'd find these repeated lines are powerful, showing that the writer was frustrated by social reality.

Actually, "nonsense" and"literature" are two incompatible(矛盾的) words. Nonsense is silly and useless. It will soon be forgotten. But literature is written work considered to have artistic value. It is a spiritual treasure worth passing down.

Internet crazes like "nonsense literature" might make you laugh for a while. ▲ . Don't throw yourself into it. Read some real literature. It will help us stop talking nonsense.

(1) The writer of the passage leads in the topic by____. A. telling a story B. giving examples C. analyzing facts D. making a dialogue

(2) According to the passage, which of the following sentences is NOT nonsense? A. Every time I don't know what to say, I don't know what to say. B. Listening to your words is like listening to words. C. Why do you say I am lazy? Obviously, I didn't do anything. D. There are two trees in my backyard. One is a jujube tree, and the other is also a jujube tree.

(3) Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ in last Paragraph? A. But they will soon disappear B. And they will be passed down C. But they are really bad for you D. So they are necessary in our daily life

(4) What's the writer's opinion about "nonsense literature"? A. It will always be popular. B. It tells little useful information. C. It is a kind of word game. D. It was originally invented by Internet users.

阅读选择普通

3. 阅读理解

For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil (土壤) collected by NASA's Apollo astronauts.

The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. "Plants actually grow in moon soil," he said.

Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds (种子) grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.

Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. It was a couple billion years longer. One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava (火山岩浆), or put in some special nutrient (营养物) mixtures.

Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment (实验).

The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.

A scientist said, "Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon."

(1) What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment? A. Surprising. B. Disappointing. C. Awful. D. Regretful.

(2) What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year? A. To find some younger soil on the moon. B. To make some special nutrient mixtures. C. To plant some other plants in new moon soil. D. To use the moon soil again in the experiment.

(3) What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment? A. To collect more soil from the moon. B. To send more scientists to the moon. C. To grow plants on the moon surface. D. To plant more thale cress on the moon.

(4) What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Most of the plants grew well after two weeks. B. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest. C. It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil. D. Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.

阅读选择普通