1. 阅读理解

         Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.

    This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs, When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching, Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.

    It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.

    This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need? ”Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality. ”

(1) The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“     ”.

A. be the worst B. be the best C. be just as bad D. be just as good
(2) What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?

A. Similarities between the calls moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. C. The data collected from Queensland's locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
(3) Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which       .

A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call
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【来源】 2017年高考英语真题试卷(江苏卷)含听力
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1.  阅读理解

Every year, some 2. 3 million women and men around the world died from work-related accidents or diseases—that's more than 8, 000 deaths every single day—and at least 402 million people suffer from non-fatal occupational injuries. The number is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship. And it comes with a huge economic loss. It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5. 4 percent loss of annual global GDP. 

A safe and healthy working environment is so important that in June 2022 the ILO (International Labor Organization) took a historic step when it added a safe and healthy working environment to its Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. 

Why does this matter? It matters because occupational safety and health can now no longer be viewed as an optional extra. All of the ILO's 186 member states are now required to respect, promote and achieve a safe and healthy working environment as a fundamental principle and right at work. 

This is significant for several reasons. First, it recognizes that every worker has the right to be protected from dangers and risks that can cause injury, illness or death in the workplace. 

By making occupational safety and health (OSH) a fundamental right, the ILO is sending a clear message to governments and employers of all countries that they must take responsibility for providing a safe and healthy working environment for all workers. 

When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are likely to be more productive and efficient. This can benefit workers, employers as well as the economy. Conversely, when workers are injured or become ill due to workplace dangers, it can have a significantly negative impact on productivity and economic growth. 

A safe and healthy working environment is now a fundamental right for each and every worker. Governments employers, trade unions as well as companies must work together to make this right a reality. 

(1) What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To draw a conclusion. B. To introduce the topic. C. To warn us of the danger at work. D. To call for the need of safety environment.
(2) What does a safe and healthy working environment mean to each side? A. It means a basic right to the ILO.      B. It means life and death to employers. C. It means a fundamental obligation to workers. D. It means economic growth to the government.
(3) Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 6? A. Consequently. B. Contrarily. C. Conventionally. D. Commonly.
(4) What may be discussed in the following paragraph after the last one? A. The joint efforts by the four sides. B. The potential improvements to make. C. The history of workers' sufferings. D. The measures workers take to get protected.
阅读理解 普通
2.  阅读理解

In a normal year, Dayna Reber, a business analyst for a technology consulting firm in Camp Hill, Penn., would finish reading around three books. Thanks to the way Covid-19 has completely changed her daily routine, however, Ms. Reber, 30—who now works from home and rarely socializes offline—has polished off 46 volumes so far in 2020. And that count doesn't include the bedtime stories she reads to her 4-year-old.

For Ms. Reber and others, lockdown has brought back a passion for reading, both as beneficial time-filler when stuck at home and as a trusty escape. "When the coronavirus hit, I just felt a need to get away from TV and screens."

If binge (放纵地) reading hasn't fully replaced binge-watching Netflix shows quite yet, the trend is certainly making strides. In August 2020, year-over-year sales of print books in the U.S. were up 13%, according to NPD BookScan, which tracks book sales across the U.S. Publishers also report a notable increase in purchases of e-books, as well as all books about politics or related to civil rights, racism and diversity.

Independent booksellers, as well as publishers and authors, deserve considerable credit for fueling the page-turning trend. In March, Octavia Books introduced free shipping or delivery within New Orleans on orders of $25 or more. The bookstore also hosts author events via Zoom. And in Illinois, Page 1 Books established a subscription service, where customers fill out an online profile, noting their literary tastes, and then receive a package each month, a mix of hardcovers and paperbacks.

Jamie Miller, 34, a book blogger and "book-stagrammer" who lives in Harleysville, Penn, has long been a committed reader, but she says the hobby has meant far more importance this year. She now schedules a block of time every morning to read, typically a love or vivid novel. "Everything became so chaotic around me that it was just like what can I control?" said Ms. Miller. "My brain just wants something guaranteed to be a happy ending."

(1) What was a cause of Reber's achievement in book reading? A. Work requirement. B. Pandemic lockdown. C. Parenting experience. D. Online recommendation.
(2) What does the underlined words "making strides" mean in paragraph 3? A. On the way. B. Keeping pace. C. In great progress. D. Drawing attention.
(3) How did some bookstores react to the trend of offline reading? A. Opening new branches. B. Offering sales promotions. C. Mailing books for free. D. Providing lending service.
(4) What is the text mainly about? A. Reasons behind a book reading hit. B. Influence of lockdown on people. C. Trend of video watching on Netflix. D. Secret to offline bookstore success.
阅读理解 普通
3. 阅读理解

When we're on the treadmill(跑步机), we're more likely to bethinking about whether we're going to make it another mile than'what's in our workout clothing. But our favorite sports ch ab are likely to be made from synthetic (合成的) fabrics, all of which are essenally plastic often created with harmful chemical additives. Now, a study conducted by the University of Birmingham shows the chemical additives from our workout clathing are available

to be absorbed through our skin.

Previously, researchers have tended to focus on our exposure to plastic through diet,but the new study raises awareness that humans can be expesed to plastic chemicals through our skin, too. And because harmful chemicals accumulate lowly and stick around in our bodies, repeared and multi-source exposure can result in having high

concentrations of chemicals inside us, potentially contributing to health effects.

The Birmingham study focused on a class of compounds(化合物)called brominated flame retardants(BFRs), which are used to prevent. burning in a wide range of consumer products including fabries, and are linked to adverse

health effects such as hormonal disorders and mental problems.

It's known that sweat contains oil. Researchers found the oil has a chemical nature that encourages the chemicals in plastic to dissolve and spread."In short, oil y substances in our sweat help the bad chemicals to come out of the microplastic fibers and become available for human absorption,"says Dr. Abdallah of the Urnversity of Birmingham. An easy way to avoid exposure ta these chemicals is to wear clothing made of sustainably produced textiles, which dont contain the bad chemicals associated with plastic materials. Check fabric labels for items that are mostly organic cotton, he mp or merino wool. Visit brand websites to see if they make an effort to list their suppliers, and where their products come from, including their dye houses and mills. Abdallah says he minimizes synthetic fabrics

in his home, meanwhile wearing natural fibers like cotton. "Why be exposed to these chemicals even at low levels?" he says. "Why not avoid the risks?"

(1) What is found in the study by the Birmingham University? A. Sports clothes are fit for treadmill exercise. B. Plastic produces harmful chemical additives. C. Gym clothes may release poisonous chemicals. D. People are exposed to chemicals through plastic.
(2) What does the underlined word"adverse in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Unknown. B. Harmful. C. Similar. D. Beneficial.
(3)  What role does the oil in sweat play in the absorption of chemicals? A. It frees bad chemicals out of clothes. B. It produces bad chemicals with plastic. C. It prevents harmful chemicals spreading. D. It keeps chemicals in the fibers of clothes.
(4) What does the author suggest about our workout clothing? A. Choosing famous brands. B. ontacting the suppliers. C. Visiting the chemical plants. D. Wearing pure cotton clothes.
阅读理解 普通