1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

    Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

    It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

    In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

(1) Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
(2) What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
(3) What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon. C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
(4) Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
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说明文; 科普类;
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阅读理解 普通
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1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳答案。

There're plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables available in local markets.But while those red juicy strawberries look  fresh,consumers have no way  of knowing how  long the  fruit  can be  stored  at  home.The  same  goes  for distribution centers and supermarkets.

Now,the food technology startup OneThird,located in the Netherlands,is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线)scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last.The startup is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage(变质)every year.

The startup's founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food."I looked at the challenges in the food-supply chain and found out that 40 percent of food waste is fresh produce.One of the biggest causes of waste is that nobody knows shelf life." founder and CEO of OneThird,Marco Snikkers said.  Quality inspections at farms and distribution centers are done manually(手动地).An inspector checks the fruits and vegetables and makes notes about the size and quality.Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable.

Using the infrared scanner at the distribution center means that inspectors can use the information to approve shipments that will ensure the produce can be distributed on a timely basis.This means that a shipment of ripe tomatoes will not be sent long distances away.

OneThird's scanner combines the technology of optical scanners,image modeling,and Artificial Intelligence to provide accurate shelf-life predictions.  The startup found that the technology can reduce up to 25 percent produce waste that was caused by spoilage. "Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact;reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security,"said Jacob Smith,a climate expert from the University of Maine.

(1) What problem does OneThird aim to solve? A. The high cost of storing fresh fruits and vegetables. B. Inefficient quality inspections at distribution centers. C. Food waste caused by uncertainty about its shelf life. D. Consumers' difficulty judging the freshness of produce.
(2) What inspired OneThird to come up with the idea of using infrared scanner? A. The use of the device in another field. B. Observation of the food-supply chain. C. Consumer demands for fresher produce. D. Experts' advice  on food waste reduction.
(3) WhatAZ can we learn about the manual quality inspections? A. They are time-consuming and costly. B. They are not performed at a regular time. C. The inspectors tend to make wrong judgement. D. The shipping time is not taken into consideration.
(4) What's Jacob's attitude to OneThird's effort? A. Approving B. Doubtful. C. Tolerant. D. Dismissive.
阅读理解 普通
2. 阅读理解

Lately, it's felt like technological change has entered an incredible speed. Companies like OpenAI and Google have unveiled new Artificial Intelligence systems with incredible capabilities, making what once seemed like science fiction an everyday reality. It's an era that is raising big, existential questions for us all, about everything from the future of human existence to the future of human work.

"Things are changing so fast,"says Erik Brynjolfsson, a leading, technology-focused economist based at Stanford University. As he notes, this new wave of technological change looks like it could be pretty different. Unlike before, experienced and skilled workers benefited mostly from AI technology. In this new wave, it's the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most."And that might be helpful in terms of closing some of the inequality that previous technologies actually promoted," Brynjolfsson says. So one benefit of intelligence machines is-maybe-they will improve the know-how and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing inequality.

But it's also possible that Al could lower the profit of the experienced, smart, or knowledgeable ones.AI could reduce inequality by bringing the bottom up, and it could also reduce inequality by bringing the top and middle down.

Of course, as Erik put, it's also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more. For one, it could make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich. It could also empower business owners to replace more and more workers with intelligent machines. And it could kill jobs for all but the best of the best in various industries, who keep their jobs because maybe they're superstars or because maybe they have seniority.

The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied and these systems are evolving fast, so this is just an assumption. This machine intelligence could upend much of the previous thinking on which kinds of jobs will be affected by automation.

(1)  What do the underlined words "the know-how and smarts" mean in paragraph 2? A. Experience and intelligence. B. Skills and potential. C. Capacity and experience. D. Outlook and talents.
(2) Who will gain more in this new AI era? A. The senior with high rank. B. The inexperienced with low competence C. The learned with great credit. D. The poor with practical skills.
(3) Which statement will Erik probably agree with? A. The fast development of AI will promote the division of inequality. B. AI Giants will be the dominator in the future world of new AI systems. C. The best of all walks of life will survive the competition against AI systems. D. Lower rank workers with little knowledge are bound to be abandoned by employers.
(4) Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Fast Growth of the Artificial Intelligence B. The Influence of the AI Inequality C. The Impact of the Artificial Intelligence D. The Future of the AI Generation
阅读理解 困难
3.  阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn' t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative. 

In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences'  Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids (氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. 

In a test, glass beads (珠) made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the beads and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice' s bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. " Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,"  the researchers wrote in their paper. 

Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this hurdle, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher. 

" It' s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization,"  emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release. 

(1) What is an advantage of the new glass? A. It can be recycled at a low cost. B. It is produced without pollution. C. It takes less time to. break down. D. It has a wide range of applications.
(2) Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice? A. To assess whether the glass is biologically harmless. B. To investigate why amino acids are medically useful. C. To explore how long it takes for the glass to degrade. D. To observe if the glass can be melt down in mice' s stomach.
(3) What does the underlined word " hurdle"  in paragraph 4 refer to? A. The instability of amino acids. B. The difficulty of selecting materials for the glass. C. Environmental problems caused by traditional glass. D. The challenge of improving the heating-cooling procedure.
(4) What is the attitude of Yan Xuehai towards the new glass' s launch on the market? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Uncertain.
阅读理解 困难