1.  阅读理解

Do you ever find yourself randomly thinking back to the times we wandered, collecting wildflowers and smiling beneath the sky? That feeling is often referred to as nostalgia(怀旧). 

Psychologists have defined nostalgia as a self-conscious, social emotion, bittersweet but dominantly positive. It comes from our happy memories and our desire to go back to the past and reconnect with the people we cared about. Often, nostalgia involves sensory stimuli. On some occasions, the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. Almost everyone can experience nostalgia, although its object tends to vary throughout life. One survey conducted by the psychologist Krystine Irene Batcho found that younger people felt more nostalgia for pets, toys, and holidays than did older people, who felt it more strongly for music. 

In contrast to its links to negative emotions, nostalgia doesn't make us sadder. Rather, nostalgia is a defensive response to unhappiness, one that brings relief from a negative mood. Research from 2006 shows that nostalgia can actually strengthen social ties, improve self-esteem, and uplift our mood. Other studies suggest that it can also enhance our view of life's meaning, reduce fear of death, boost spirituality, and increase optimism. 

Scholars remain uncertain about the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness of nostalgia; however, some suggest that reflecting on joyful memories strengthens our sense of self-worth and belonging, particularly during times of loneliness or self-doubt. Its power lets the happiness of the past overcome the current unpleasantness, offering a bit of escape from tough times. To form stronger connections, we can establish traditions around shared past experiences in families, friend groups, and workplaces. Observing special occasions like childhood sports or post-college meetups can give us something to look forward to. 

Perhaps because it is so powerful and complex, nostalgia has received magical treatment from poets and writers. "The past is hidden somewhere outside the realm(领域), beyond the reach of intellect, " Marcel Proust wrote. 

(1) Why does the author mention "autumn leaves" in the second paragraph? A. To illustrate the complexity of nostalgia. B. To emphasize the joyful nature of nostalgia. C. To clarify nostalgia's connection to our senses. D. To stress individual variety of experiencing nostalgia.
(2) What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The mismatch betweentwo findings. B. The potential benefits of nostalgia. C. Theimpact of nostalgia on personal mood. D. Themechanisms behind nostalgia's effects.
(3) What does the author suggest us do in paragraph 4? A. Create shared traditions for bonding and joy. B. Record the social gatherings regularly. C. Recognize the unnecessary social gatherings. D. Say no to the concept of escapism.
(4) Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Nostalgia: Why We Should Avoid Reflecting on the Past B. Nostalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness of Our Life C. A Nostalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked D. Power of Nostalgia: Struggling for an Irreplaceable Present
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1. 阅读理解

    Can you be too beautiful? It is hardly a problem that most of us have to bother — as much as we might like to dream that it were the case.

    Yet the blessings and curses of beauty have been a long-standing interest in psychology. Do those blessed with shiny faces and an attractive body live in a cloud of appreciation — or does it sometimes pay to be ordinary?

    At the most basic level, beauty might be thought to carry a kind of halo (光环) around it; we see that someone has one good quality, and by association, our deep mind may assume that they have other good ones too.

    Even in the courts, a pleasing appearance can work its magic. Attractive criminals are likely to get less strict sentences, or to escape punishment entirely; attractive plaintiffs (原告), meanwhile, are more likely to win their case and get bigger financial settlements. “It's an effect seen everywhere,” says Walker.

    But if beauty pays in most circumstances, there are still situations where it can have opposite results. While attractive men may be considered better leaders, for instance, hidden sexist prejudices (偏见) can work against attractive women, making them less likely to be hired for high-level jobs that require power. And as you might expect, good-looking people of both sexes run into envy — one study found that if you are interviewed by someone of the same sex, they may be less likely to employ you if they judge that you are more attractive than they are.

    More worryingly, being beautiful or handsome could harm your medical care. We tend to link good looks to health, meaning that illnesses are often taken less seriously when they affect the good-looking. When treating people for pain, for instance, doctors tend to take less care over the more attractive people.

    Ultimately, scientists point out that focusing too much on your appearance can itself be harmful if it creates stress and anxiety — even for those already blessed with good looks. “If you are crazy about attractiveness, it may affect your experience and interactions,” she says. It's an outdated saying, but no amount of beauty can make up for a bad personality. As the writer Dorothy Parker put it so elegantly: “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clean to the bone.”

(1) From paragraph 1, we can learn that _______. A. some may be bothered by their unattractive appearance B. most people are not afraid of being too beautiful C. we might always dream about being bothered by others D. being too beautiful can be a problem bothering everyone
(2) Which is the benefit for beautiful people? A. All attractive plaintiffs have more chances to get away with punishment. B. Women with pleasing appearance will always be considered as better leaders. C. Good-looking people are often regarded as having many good qualities. D. Beautiful criminals are more likely to persuade the judge and win the case.
(3) The writer mentioned the underlined sentence in the last paragraph to _______. A. persuade us to pay more attention to our looks from now on B. suggest that beauty can help make a better personality C. encourage us to focus more on improving our personality D. ask ugly people to have more confidence in their personality
(4) What might be the best title for the passage? A. Beauty, a blessing? B. Sexist Prejudice. C. Real beauty. D. Benefits Beauty holds.
阅读理解 普通
2. 阅读理解

    Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr. Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.

    “Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.”

    This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You don't have to feed it, you don't have to walk it, it won't make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.

    It's not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It's the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.

    As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn't need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings,” he said.

    So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets needn't have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.

(1) What does the underlined phrase “sit well with” means? A. be refused by B. be beneficial to C. make a difference to D. receive support from
(2) What are the advantages of robot pets?

a. They are plastic and feel smooth.

b. Owners needn't worry about them when going out.

c. They can help cure allergies.

d. They save space and costs.

A. ab B. bc C. bd D. cd
(3) The passage mainly tells us ______. A. the advantages of robot toys B. the popularity of robot pets C. living pets are dying out D. robot pets are coming
阅读理解 普通
3. 阅读理解

    You might make a disgusted face when you notice that the person waiting in their car at the red light next to you is picking their nose,but admit it,you do it too.And while it might be the natural option when there isn't a box of tissues around,it can be bad for you.The main reasons people feel the need to pick their nose is to clear it of dried liquid,stop an itch(痒),or just because it feels good.Boogers(鼻屎)form when dried liquid and cilia,the tiny hairs that line the nostrils(鼻孔),trap the dust,dirt,and other things.When boogers build up in your nose,it can be uncomfortable,and sometimes just blowing into a tissue doesn't do the trick.

    Otolaryngologist Erich P.Voigt,MD,told Business Insider that picking your nose can cause injuries and bleeding within your nostrils.That's not terribly damaging,but when the bacteria from your hands get into your body,it can cause a cold and flu.So doctors strongly suggest not picking the nose.

    If dry winter air is causing the dirty liquid to harden in your nostrils,making you want to pick,consider damping the air at home,or taking a steam shower to soften things up in there.

    Children,who are most famous for having a finger up their nose,sometimes don't realize how much injury they're causing,and sometimes it.can lead to nose bleeds.

    So,next time you go to pick your nose,think about how many bacteria are on your hands and in your boogers, and maybe reach for a tissue instead.Even if you 're alone,and not waiting for the light to turn green,please,use a tissue.

(1) Why do people pick their nose? A. Because they want to disgust others. B. Because they have the need to do it. C. Because they have nothing else to do. D. Because they don't have tissues around.
(2) Which of the following can replace the underlined part " do the trick" in Paragraph 1? A. act B. work C. play D. help
(3) Which can help people avoid a cold and flu according to the text? A. Stopping nose picking. B. Using tissues regularly. C. Taking a shower every day. D. Keeping the air wet at home.
(4) What should you do when you have to pick your nose? A. Be careful not to cause bleeding. B. Use a tissue instead of bare fingers. C. Wait for the light to turn red if you are driving. D. Wash up your hands and clear your fingernails.
阅读理解 普通