1.  阅读理解

We all know how it feels to get lost in a great book. But what's happening in our brains as we dive into it? How is it different from what happens as we experience real life? Now, a new study led by Dr Leila Wehbe and Dr Tom Mitehell of Carnegie Mellon University have provided partial answers to these questions. 

Since reading comprehension is a highly complex process, earlier studies tried to break that process down and focus on just one aspect at a time: mapping fMRI signatures(特征)associated with processing a single word or sentence, for example. "It's usually not like reading a book, and usually the stimulus(刺激物)consists of out-of-context sentences designed specifically for the experiment"

To address these issues, the researchers developed a computer program to look for patterns of brain activity that appeared when people read certain words, specific grammatical structures, particular characters" names and other aspects of the story—a total of 195 different "story features". In the study, they first asked eight volunteers to read Chapter 9 of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone and recorded their brain activity using an fMRI scanner(扫描仪). Then the researchers fed the volunteers' fMRI data into their computer program and had the program identify the responses of different brain regions to the 195 features mentioned above. 

The result showed that when the volunteers read descriptions of physical movement in the story, there was significantly increased activity in the posterior temporal cortex, the region involved in perceiving real-world movement. Besides dialogue was specifically related with the right temporoparietal junction, a key area involved in imagining others thoughts and goals. "This is truly shocking for us as these regions aren't even considered to be part of the brain's language system," Wehbe says. 

Next, Wehbe and Mitchell hope to study how and why language processing can go wrong. "If we have a large enough amount of data", Wehbe says, "we could find the specific ways in which one brain—for example, the brain of a dyslexic(诵读困难的)person—is performing differently from other brains." And this, the researchers think, may someday help us design individually tailored(特制的)treatments for dyslexia and other reading disorders.

(1) What can we learn from the second paragraph?  A. The uniqueness of the new study. B. The limitations of previous studies. C. The unresolved issues in previous studies. D. The researchers' purpose in conducting the new study.
(2) What did the researchers use the computer program to do?  A. Develop new tools to improve reading skills. B. Examine how reading stories impacts the human brain. C. Discover the biological basis of reading as a hobby. D. Explore how the brain responds to different story features.
(3) What does Wehbe think of the result of the study in paragraph 4?  A. Annoying. B. Amazing. C. Embarrassing. D. Exciting.
(4) Which would probably take place according to the researchers?  A. Individualized treatments for reading disorders. B. Less misunderstanding about reading disorders. C. Accurate prediction of the occurrence of dyslexia. D. More advanced technology for processing language.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 故事阅读类; 新闻报道类; 记叙文;
【答案】

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1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

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阅读理解 普通