1.阅读理解

The 7,400 or so languages in use today speak to the fact that our species is born to communicate. But while it is tempting to view language as merely a consequence of our extraordinary cognitive(认知的)powers, Caleb Everett thinks there may be more going on. 

In A Myriad of Tongues: How languages reveal differences in how we think, he argues that language itself may shape our understanding of the world and our experience of time and space. To put it another way, the language we speak may influence the way we think. 

Such a provocative(挑衅的)idea might have been controversial(有争议的)a few decades ago, says Everett, because language experts restricted themselves to analyzing languages of industrialized, higher-income countries. But we now know they fall short of representing the variety of languages spoken today-and the more we learn about understudied tongues, the more evidence we find for the complicated interplay between language and thinking. 

Take Berinmo, a language of Papua New Guinea, as an example. Unlike English speakers, explains Everett, Berinmo speakers struggle to remember whether an object they were shown earlier was blue or green-perhaps because that language doesn't distinguish between these colours. But it does make a formal distinction between yellowish-greens and other greens, and Berinmo speakers typically find it easy to remember which of these colours an object they saw earlier was painted, while English speakers struggle to do this. 

Language also influences how we think about objects. Yucatec Maya, spoken in Mexico, encourages its speakers to classify objects according to their material properties rather than their function. Where an English speaker might group a plastic comb and a wooden comb together and exclude a wooden stick, a Yucatec Maya speaker would usually group the wooden objects together. English-speaking people get the information they need by sight alone. 

We live through a language extinction event predicted to see the loss of about 30 per cent of today's tongues by 

2100. His book makes it clear this is more than just a tragedy(悲剧)for local communities. Given the insights that languages offer into the human mind, their disappearance is a loss for us all. 

(1) Why is Everett's book mentioned?  A. To set off a discussion. B. To lead in the topic of the text. C. To recommend a meaningful book. D. To show the importance of languages.
(2)  What will we find if we learn more about understudied languages?  A. Proof of the complex relationship between language and thinking. B. Different means of communication in different regions. C. The variety of languages spoken in the world. D. The reasons for language extinction.
(3)  What does Yucatec Maya speakers categorize items based on?  A. Their colours. B. Their function. C. Their appearance. D. Their material characteristics.
(4)  What's Everett's attitude to the future loss of human languages?  A. Concerned. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring. D. Shocked.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 社会现象类; 社会文化类; 议论文;
【答案】

您现在未登录,无法查看试题答案与解析。 登录
阅读理解 未知 困难
能力提升
真题演练
换一批
1.阅读理解

Five-year-old Willard Wigan struggled to tell the difference between an M and a W or a 6 and a 9. Unfortunately, his schoolteacher knew nothing about dyslexia(阅读障碍症), a learning disability that can make letters and numbers confusing. She didn't try to help him. Not surprisingly, Willard didn't like school. Usually, his mind drifted—to playing outside, to his dog Maxie, or to the ants that lived near his family's garden shed. Willard was especially curious about those ants. He felt like them—small and insignificant. Thus, when he noticed some ants trying to build a house, he decided to help them! Willard constructed a little building. Then he sprinkled sugar inside to encourage the ants to move in. When they did, Willard built more houses.

At school, Willard still struggled, but now he knew he could do something special. Maybe he wasn't a failure after all. If he had trouble with his reading or math, Willard would later go home and created tiny furniture for the ant houses. He even built an ant school, with teeny swings, ladders, seesaws, and a merry-go-round. His artistic skill increased, and a love for little things began to grow in his heart.

At age nine, Willard began carving faces on toothpicks. He discovered that his ability improved when he held his breath as he worked. When he quit school at age 15 to help support his family, Willard still spent his spare time carving. His confidence grew as more people appreciated his talent. Eventually, he quit his factory job to pursue his dream of becoming one of the best artists in the world. Now, years later, Willard carves the tiniest artwork in the world! His sculptures are so small that several can fit on a period at the end of a sentence.

Because of their beauty and rarity, his sculptures have made Willard a wealthy man. But he says, "Success isn't about material things like an expensive watch or a costly ring; it's about persevering and achieving your dreams."

Willard Wigan, micro-sculptor, has done just that. The man who felt small as a boy has shown the world that something small can really be BIG.

(1) Which of the following best describes Willard's teacher? A. Sympathetic. B. Unhelpful. C. Impatient. D. Careless.
(2) Why did Willard become interested in building homes for ants? A. Because he had a love for little things. B. Because he was absent-minded in class. C. Because he wouldn't have to struggle at school. D. Because he thought they both seemed unimportant.
(3) What can we infer from the text? A. Willard gave up his study in school to pursue his dream. B. Willard became popular when more people appreciated his work. C. Willard was able to carve small artwork in a short period of time. D. Willard found a way to make better artwork when he was at school.
(4) Which of the following may Willard agree with? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Success belongs to those who don't give up. C. Dreaming big is the first step in achieving your goals. D. Talent is sometimes more important for success than hard work.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2. 阅读下列短文. 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中. 选出最佳选项。

Researchers believe they have found evidence for a hidden ocean on Mimas, one of Saturn's major moons. This makes Mimas a target for learning more about the origins of life in our solar system. 

Saturn has 146 moons orbiting it. The biggest is larger than the planet Mercury; the smallest is roughly the size of a sports field on the Earth. Mimas, which was first discovered in 1789, is one of the major moons and is about 250 miles wide. 

Experts used to think Mimas was mostly made out of solid ice and rock. In 2014, astronomers noticed its orbit around Saturn was moving unsteadily. A shaky orbit can be caused either by a core shaped like a rugby ball or a huge liquid ocean beneath the surface. At first, lots of astronomers argued against the suggestion that Mimas had an ocean because there is no sign of it on the surface. 

To investigate more thoroughly, researchers looked at images taken by Cassini, a NASA spacecraft sent to study Satun. The images showed that the moon's orbit around Saturn drifted by about six miles over 13 years. The team's calculations found that the only way Mimas could move in this way is if it had a hidden ocean under the surface. They think the ocean formed when the moon's core warmed up and melted some of the ice. 

Mimas is just one of many moons that scientists think could have oceans below the surface Ganymede, which orbits Jupiter and is the largest moon in the solar system, has more water in its ocean than all of the oceans on the Earth. Titan, another of Saturn's moons, is believed to have a salty ocean beneath the surface. 

Space agencies want to study these oceans because they might be home to living organisms. However, the ocean on Mimas might not be old enough for life to have emerged there yet. It took hundreds of millions of years for life to develop on the Earth and the ocean on Mimas is relatively young;it is less than 25 million years old. 

(1) What is the exploration of Mimas aimed at in Paragraph 1? A. Providing evidence for a hidden ocean. B. Exploring the beginning of life in outer space. C. Promoting research for space exploration. D. Ensuring harmony between man and nature.
(2) What is the main idea of paragragh2? A. The discovery of Saturn's moons. B. T he number and variety of moons orbiting Saturn. C. The size and characteristics of Mimas. D. The comparison between Satum and Mercury.
(3) What did astronomers initially think of the existence of oceans on Mimas? A. Confident. B. Indifferent C. Optimistic D. Doubtful
(4) Why did the researchers use Casini's images to investigate Mimas? A. To analyze its orbit. B. To measure its size. C. To observe its surface D. To find landing sites.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3. 阅读理解

Mr. Buxton taught me Shakespeare in 10th grade. We were reading Macbeth. Mr. Buxton, who probably had better things to do, nonetheless agreed to meet one night to go over the text line by line. The first thing he did was point out the repetition of themes. For example,the reversals of things.

What Mr. Buxton didn't tell me was what the play meant. He left the conclusions to me. The situation was much the same with my religious studies teacher in 11th grade, Mr. Flanders, who encouraged me to have my own relationship with the Gos pels.

High school was followed by college, where I read Umberto Eco's The Role of the Reader, in which it is said that the reader completes the text, that the text is never finished until it meets this voracious(渴求的) and engaged reader. The open texts, Eco calls them. In college, I read some of the great Europeans and Latin Americans: Borges and Kafka, Genet and Beckett, Artaud, Proust一 open texts all. I may not have known why Kafka' s Metamorphosis is about a guy who turns into a bug, but I knew that some said cockroach, and others, European dung beetle.

There are those critics, of course, who insist that there are right ways and wrong ways to read every book. No doubt they arrived at these beliefs through their own adventures in the stacks. And these are important questions for philosophers of every stripe. And yet I know only what joy and enthusiasm a bout reading have taught me, in bookstores new and used.

There is not now and never will be an authority who can tell me how to interpret, how to read, how to find the pearl of literary meaning in all cases.

Supposing the truth is not hard, fast, masculine, simple, direct? You could spend a lifetime thinking about this sentence, and making it your own. In just this way,the freedom to see literature, history, truth unfolding ahead of me like a book whose spine has just now been cracked.

(1) When did the author begin to read Shakespeare s work? A. In primary school. B. In 1lth grade. C. In secondary school. D. In college.
(2) What can we know about The Role of the Reader from the text? A. It was written by the readers. B. It is about a guy turning into a bug. C. It insists that the reader completes the text. D. Some great Europeans and Latin Americans wrote it together.
(3) What is the main reason of the author loving reading? A. Being an excellent student. B. Mr. Buxton's teaching method. C. The joy and enthusiasm from his reading. D. His admiration for literature masters like Shakespeare.
(4) What can be inferred about the author from the text? A. He has a preference for the open texts. B. Shakespeare is his favorite. C. He is naturally talented in reading. D. He is also a famous literary critic.
阅读理解 未知 普通