1. 阅读理解

What is the purpose of lightning? The new study published at the end of April in Science found that lightning may play a bigger role in global climate change than was previously known by the scientific community.

Many are familiar with the potentially deadly dangers posed by lightning, which is blamed for an average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. Although the odds of being struck are quite low-1 in 1, 222, 000 in a given year and 1 in 15, 300 in a lifetime many in the weather community have long urged people to take proper precautions to stay safe in storms. However, the researchers recently uncovered a surprising and beneficial impact of lightning.

The study, which included contributions from nine atmospheric researchers across a dozen universities, was based on an airborne research flight conducted by a NASA DC-8 storm-chasing plane in 2012. Researchers initially thought there was a problem with the equipment on the plane, which was being used to measure the hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere until they realized increases they observed closely connected with lightning flashes. ABC News reported.

Hydroxyl radicals, described as a "chemical scavenger ( 清洗剂) "by Science Direct, are important chemical compounds found in the atmosphere due to the reactive nature with other organic molecules ( 分子). Researchers previously understood that lightning could help to clean the atmosphere, but there was no evidence that it could generate compounds like these radicals. "No one has seen that much in the atmosphere from natural processes, ever," Brune said. As a result, the study estimates that somewhere between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing ( 氧 化 ),or cleaning that happens naturally in the Earth's atmosphere, is done by lightning.

Why is this significant? The oxidation process helps to reduce chemicals like carbon monoxide and methane in the atmosphere. These chemicals, known for being greenhouse gases, have been proven to contribute to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to verify the degree to which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.

(1) What do the statistics in Para 2 tell us about lightning? A. It threatens human lives. B. It can only harm people. C. It is a strange phenomenon. D. It happens quite frequently.
(2) What led to the new discovery in the text? A. The equipment failure on the storm-chasing plane. B. The lightning flashes observed by the research team. C. The airborne research conducted by NASA scientists. D. The increase of Hydroxyl radicals during lightning.
(3) How does Brune feel about the finding? A. Doubtful. B. Frustrated. C. Amazed. D. Ambiguous.
(4) What is the main idea of the text? A. Hydroxyl radicals clean the atmosphere. B. Oxidizing is a natural result of lightning. C. Lightning may help address climate change. D. Greenhouse gases contribute to rising temperature.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 观点态度题; 说明文; 科普类; 文章大意;
【答案】

您现在未登录,无法查看试题答案与解析。 登录
阅读理解 普通
能力提升
换一批
1.  阅读理解

Recently I've been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better "me". The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can't go past.

The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and sensitive topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others' expectations. It's a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.

These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it's easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments. You'll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.

You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarizing (两极分化) and I certainly don't agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that's the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.

(1) Which category does the book belong to? A. Self-improvement. B. Philosophy theory. C. Collection of experiences. D. Biography of Alfred Adler.
(2) Which statement might the fictional philosopher agree with? A. People are free of their past influence. B. People can take charge of their life course. C. People should live up to others' expectations. D. People ought to take their limitations seriously.
(3) How does the book develop? A. By listing sufficient data. B. By making comparisons. C. By following the time line. D. By presenting dialogues.
(4) Why is the book popular with readers? A. It shows ideas in plain language. B. It displays the scientific statistics. C. It offers balanced sides to the topics. D. It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
阅读理解 普通
2. Reading Comprehension

"Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state," says the "grande dame" of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and

Inhalations.

A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer.

Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.

"A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion," says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida.

HERE'S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO:

Digest a big meal: A few drops of diluted peppermint. "It calms down the digestive system," Rose says.

Forget it's freezing outside: "Conifer oils, like pine, black spruce, cedar and Christmas fir, can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled," Rose says. Citrus oils like orange or tangerine, which are reminders of summertime, are also good.

Settle down after a big party: Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. "They'll knock your kids right out," Sheppard-Hanger says.

Get out of bed on a dark, cold morning: Peppermint, or any mint really, can provide a morning jolt when inhaled.

Kill germs: Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine, to help clean the air during sickness.

Decongest a nose: Eucalyptus, spruce or rosemary work for this. Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.

(1) What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations? A. Gardeners who provide raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils. B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health. C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils. D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.
(2) What is the appropriate way of using essential oils? A. Spritz the oil directly around a room. B. Mix them with cream in proportion. C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle. D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy.
(3) The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________. A. peppermint oils B. conifer oils C. citrus oils D. spruce oils
阅读理解 普通
3. 阅读理解

Some events have been added to the 2024 Olympias, with breakdancing, surfing, and sport climbing among the recent additions. A group of terms come with them that are foreign to the French language. Some French-language purists point out it's too much to bear to rely on English to praise surfers on their "nose riding"-standing on the front of the board. They've decided they need a French solution.

The French government has created a team of language experts devoted to promoting the national language. They will meet periodically over the next couple of years to identify and define new sports terms. The French battle against the influence of other languages isn't new. In 1994,the Toubon law was passed, forcing the use of French in all government publications,contracts and advertisements. Yet it contained several loopholes (漏洞), which allow brands and companies to extensively use English. As a result, anglicisms-words from the English language used in another language-are becoming more obvious.

Julie Neveux, linguistics professor at Sorbonne University in Paris, said anglicisms are "sometimes estimated at just under 5% of the present vocabulary, but they are disturbing because they show that we follow an economy and cultural model other than our own." They are particularly present in sports competitions and events, during which athletes from around the world are used to communicating in English. "Sport was one of the first areas to be globalized, "said sports historian Michael Attali.

Despite their best efforts, no committee has successfully prevented English from influencing everyday language. "Similar committees have been put in place in the past, but nothing has changed so far," said Attali.

"There are far fewer anglicisms in French than there are French words in English. " said Neveux, adding these exchanges should not be seen as a threat. "All living languages exist by borrowing from each other. Languages only exist thanks to their impurity. "

(1) What goal will the team of language experts try to achieve according to Paragraph 2? A. To speed up the spread of French in the world. B. To make French influence other languages. C. To promote national brands and companies. D. To decide on some new French sports terms.
(2) What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. English words. B. Anglicisms. C. French expressions. D. Newly created phrases.
(3) What's the result of the previous efforts to stop English from influencing other languages? A. Fruitless. B. Remarkable. C. Important. D. Unmentioned.
(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. English is the most popular of all. B. All languages should stay pure. C. Neveux welcomes the impurity of language. D. The exchanges between languages should be avoided.
阅读理解 普通