1. 阅读理解

Imagine the busy streets of New York City, an enormous place with millions of people. Every day, the streets are crowded with people going about their daily lives. Now imagine a small robot in the middle of all of those people. Most people would not even notice the ten-inch smiling robot, called a Tweenbot, rolling along the busy sidewalk. This strange machine may interest some people, while others would ignore it completely. A researcher interested in studying how helpful people really are uses such robots in her experiments.

The Tweenbots experiment is the idea and creation of Kacie Kinzer, which was to make a robot that could navigate the city and reach its destination only if it was aided by pedestrians. Tweenbots rely on the kindness of warm-hearted strangers. Made simply of cardboard, wheels, and a device to turn the wheels, the Tweenbots face many dangers on the city streets. They could be run over by cars or smashed by careless kids. Each of Kinzer's robots is fitted with a flag that displays instructions for the robot's destination. The only way these robots will reach their final point is if someone lends them a hand. Tweenbots are essentially a social experiment aimed at providing people a chance to show how caring they are.

On a daily basis, people in New York City are often in a hurry to get around. However, the Tweenbots, through their inability to look after themselves, took people out of their normal routines. The people who noticed the helpless little robots were actually interested in helping the Tweenbots find their way home. Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line. If one was to get stuck, or was going in the wrong direction, it would be up to strangers to free it or turn it in the right direction. Surprisingly, no Tweenbot was lost or damaged, and each one arrived at its target in good condition. In fact, most people treated the robot in a gentle manner, and some even treated it as though it were a small living being.

(1) What's the purpose of Kinzer's experiment? A. To promote Tweenbots' flexibility. B. To test people's kindness. C. To improve Tweenbot's sense of direction. D. To highlight people's sense of responsibility.
(2) What does the writer want to show by listing many dangers in paragraph 2? A. How careless the kids are. B. How dependent Tweenbots are. C. How crowded New York is. D. How dangerous the car drivers are.
(3) What can a Tweenbot do? A. Free itself when stuck. B. Turn at the crossroads. C. Instruct the strangers its destination. D. Walk at an unchanging speed.
(4) What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Tweenbots' popularity. B. Tweenbots' inability. C. The result of the experiment. D. New Yorkers' normal routines.
【考点】
推理判断题; 细节理解题; 段落大意; 科普环保类; 说明文;
【答案】

您现在未登录,无法查看试题答案与解析。 登录
阅读理解 普通
真题演练
换一批
1. 阅读理解

    Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

    Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

    Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.

    Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

(1) The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________. A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among people C. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences one's thinking and evaluation
(2) What changes can be found in an angry brain?
A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted. B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas. C. Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour. D. Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.
(3) Which of the following is typical of offensive anger? A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked. C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
(4) What is the key message of the last paragraph? A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions. C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.
阅读理解 普通
2. 阅读理解

You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain- sensing umbrella.

    The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp.” he said.

    The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

     According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

      While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

(1) For what purpose did Belyaev create the lampbrella? A. To predict a heavy rain B. To check the weather forecast C. To protect people from the rain D. To remind people to take an umbrella
(2) What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph2? A. His creation was inspired by an experience B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg C. Street lamps are protected by canopies D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain
(3) Which of the following shows how the lampbrella works? A. motor → canopy → sensors B. sensors → motor → canopy C. motor → sensors → canopy D. canopy → motor → sensors
(4) What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella? A. Its moving speed B. Its appearance C. Its installation D. Its safety
(5) What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The designer will open a company to promote his product B. The lampbrella could be put into immediate production C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical D. The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow
阅读理解 普通