A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it 3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the monkey always ignored his 7. Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8 but without necessarily achieving 9 result.

Now th

e question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and not be 14 by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey's some psychology is just like 15 of human beings.

Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husband, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.

In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.

When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.

In 1891, a young Polish woman named Maria Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist.

Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.

There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programs may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created the Pegasus spyware to "provide authorized governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime".

In my opinion, the described protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape cameras and microphones due to the lack of understanding of how their devices work and how malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted malware to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and much more.

It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it:we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.

Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant malware in your device. To prevent malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online banking accounts.