1. 阅读理解

Sometime in 1885 or 1886,Arthur Conan Doyle was doodling(信手乱涂)on a sheet of paper. Inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's Auguste Dupin, he had the idea for a "consulting detective", who would also use "the Rules of Evidence" to catch his man. But what would he be called? "Ormond Sacker"? "Sherrinford Holmes"?

Had he settled on either of these alternatives, the modern-day fan clubs would be able to look closely through their magnifying glasses(放大镜) at that historic piece of paper at an exhibition opening at the Museum of London on Friday.

Sherlock Holmes: The Man Who Never Lived and Will Never Die is the first major show for the great detective since a Holmes display graced the Festival of Britain in 195. It's a winningly silly title: there are an unlimited number of men who never lived and will never die, and a very large number of fictional creations of whom the same could also be said. But you can see what they are getting at.

It is likely that the show should take place at the Museum of London. Holmes occupied perhaps London's most famous imaginary address—221B Baker Street—and Dr. Watson wrote that his "knowledge of the byways of London was extraordinary". In the form of his "Baker Street Irregulars", he even employed a street-level spy-network o the homeless. London is often described as another character in the stories.

But, as historian David Cannadine points out in a fine, questioning essay in a new book accompanying the exhibition, Holmes's London is actually only sketchily imagined in the stories. Conan Doyle grew up in Edinburgh, was educated in Lancashire and Austria, and lived in central London for less than a year before moving first to South Norwood, then in short order to Hindhead in Surrey and later to Sussex. To move Holmes around the capital, Conan Doyle used contemporary books of street maps and the London Post Office Directory. And he made all sorts of mistakes.

Also, before fan-fiction as we think of it now got under way, the Holmes stories led to a strange academic version of fan-fiction: Holmesians, taking a scholarly interest in the texts almost on the assumption that Holmes and Watson were real historical characters.

It should be noted that Conan Doyle himself didn't sweat the details. Everything from the location of Watson's old war wound to his marital situation and the address of his consulting room was distinctly patchy(东拼西凑的).

Holmes is, or might as well be, a magician. In this respect, the modern BBC TV adaptations—whose leaps of tricks I've seen complained about -- are in keeping with Conan Doyle's originals.

He's not the product, not any more, of a single author. And he's never going to be on the reader's level—nor that of his friend Dr. Watson. Conan Doyle's consulting detective is, made by the imaginations of others, a sort of god. And like all the best gods, he is— as the new exhibition's title indicates—both imaginary and everlasting.

(1) What do Auguste Dupin and Sherlock Holmes share in common according to the author? A. They are both fictional detectives that lived in London. B. They are both characters created by Arthur Conan Doyle. C. They both use "the Rules of Evidence" to solve cases. D. They both use magnifying glasses.
(2) According to the passage, the sentence "Holmes's London is actually only sketchily imagined in the stories" in paragraph 5 means that ______. A. London is an important setting in the Sherlock Holmes stories B. the city of London in the novel is different from how it really is C. London is home to the two main characters, Sherlock and Watson D. the author Conan Doyle made a lot of mistakes when in London
(3) The word "Holmesians" in paragraph 6 probably refers to______. A. super fans of Holmes B. scholars interested in Holmes C. studies about Holmes D. mysteries concerning Holmes
(4) What is the author's opinion of Sherlock Holmes? A. He is the most successful imaginary detective in history. B. He is a god who will be loved by readers of all the time. C. He is an imaginary character created both by Doyle and readers D. He has an extraordinary talent as a detective who gains great popularity.
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 说明文; 社会文化类;
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阅读理解 普通
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1.  阅读理解

Nostalgia(怀旧) is a powerful emotion that can be employed to create a strong emotional connection between a brand and its audience. By tapping into the fond memories and positive associations that people have with a particular brand, marketers can create a sense of familiarity and comfort that resonates(共鸣) with their audience. This emotional connection can then be used to drive engagement and loyalty, ultimately leading to increased sales.

In the case of Barbie movie marketing, nostalgia has been used. By incorporating elements of the classic Barbie brand into the movies, such as the symbolic pink color, the classic Barbie logo, and the inclusion of classic Barbie characters, the movies serve as a way to transport fans back to their childhood and relive their favorite memories.

This emotional connection is further strengthened by the marketing campaigns, which create a sense of community and excitement around the brand. By using social media to build hype(夸张报道) and anticipation for each movie, the brand has managed to create a loyal and engaged fan base that has contributed to its success.

The success of Barbie movie marketing has not been limited to the brand's existing fan base. In fact, the movies have managed to attract a new generation of fans who may not have been familiar with the classic Barbie brand. By creating movies that are both entertaining and empowering, the brand has managed to appeal to a wider audience, including young girls who may be looking for strong female role models.

The impact of Barbie movie marketing on a new generation can be seen in the way that the brand has developed over the years. Although Barbie was once denounced for promoting unrealistic beauty standards and conventional gender images, the brand has since made significant steps in promoting diversity and inclusivity(包容性). The recent Barbie movies feature diverse actors and storylines that promote self-empowerment and self-acceptance, reflecting the changing attitudes and values of society.

(1) Nostalgia is often used in marketing mainly because ____. A. it enables a new brand to expand its markets quickly B. it has a strong influence on people's choice of goods C. it brings back the audience's positive emotions about a brand D. it helps make goods appealing to customers of all age groups
(2) What can we learn about Barbie movies? A. They highlight the color of pink. B. They use a different logo. C. They target children as audiences. D. They are about community stories.
(3) How have Barbie movies managed to grow their fan base? A. By simplifying the storylines. B. By removing the classic characters. C. By including more cultural elements. D. By creating new female role models.
(4) What does the underlined word "denounced" in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Acknowledged. B. Criticized. C. Observed. D. Respected.
阅读理解 普通
2. 阅读理解

We've all done it before-dropped a box of unwanted household belongings at a flea market and driven off with a sense of accomplishment. But have you ever stopped to think about where those items actually go?

Business journalist Adam Minter began considering this while cleaning out his late mother's home. Seeking reassurance that his mother's donated items would be put to good use rather than destroyed, he started a journey worldwide that resulted in his latest book, "Secondhand: Travels in the New Global Garage Sale". He found the industry significantly in the dark, with a disturbing lack of data on secondhand goods, despite their crucial role in clothing, furnishing and educating people worldwide. 

In this book, Minter fully reveals himself as an investigative journalist. He doesn't shy away from the commonly-accepted assumptions about the global trade in used goods. First, Minter questions the idea that shipments of secondhand clothes from developed countries to Africa have destroyed local textile industries (纺织业). That's overly simplistic, he says. He further explains that multiple factors, such as declining cotton production in local areas and economic liberation, have influenced the situation. 

Minter then explores the topic of car seats, making a statement that recycling car seats, instead of selling them secondhand, is wasteful and might compromise (危害) safety for children in developing countries. It is disturbing to say so in a society that prioritizes child safety and highlights zero risk, but when you consider the excessive caution that might endanger children's lives elsewhere, the situation starts to look different. 

Minter calls it "waste colonialism," this idea that developed countries can apply their own safety standards onto the markets of developing countries-and it's deeply wrong. Why label an used car seat or an old TV as unsafe if someone else, with different skills, is perfectly capable of repairing it and willing to use it, especially if they lack access to new products and other options?

The book explores the huge problems of handling surplus (剩余的) items and how producers discourage repairs and promote the sales of new products. Minter calls for initiatives to enhance product repairability and increase product lifetime. 

(1)  Why does Minter set out on a journey worldwide? A. To remember his late mother. B. To explore where used items end up. C. To collect data for fashion industries. D. To advocate recycling of used goods.
(2)  In Minter's opinion the common idea about secondhand clothes trade in Africa is ____. A. groundless B. one-sided C. conventional D. self-contradictory
(3)  Which action taken by developed countries might Minter describe as "waste colonialism"? A. Selling old TV sets to developing countries. B. Denying access to used car seats domestically. C. Banning used goods export to developing countries. D. Prioritizing safety in new goods for developing countries.
(4)  What does Minter encourage producers to do in his book? A. Handle used items efficiently. B. Promote sales of new products. C. Make more sustainable products. D. Take the initiative to boost production.
阅读理解 普通
3. 阅读理解

Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the most important books about climate change to have been written. Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Saving Us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, "The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it."

One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book's advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe's experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists.

Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority, the "Dismissives", who "angrily reject the idea that human-caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive to misinformation and conspiracy theories (阴谋论)". There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation (两极化) among them.

The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the "Dismissives", almost entirely older men—including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for knitting (打毛线衣) —and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds. Her motto is "bond, connect and inspire", which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality.

She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been so inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12, 000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the government to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy. 

And so, while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26, Hayhoe's uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue.

(1) What does the book mainly focus on? A. Promoting people's insight into climate change. B. Introducing presentation skills with TED talks. C. Developing critical thinking through literature. D. Sharing communication tips on climate change.
(2) Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A. Humorous but one-sided. B. Novel and interesting. C. Well-based and workable. D. Serious and hard to follow.
(3) How did Hayhoe win over the "Dismissives"? A. By changing their political identity. B. By challenging their fundamental beliefs. C. By seeking common ground built on a shared interest. D. By providing more facts about climate change.
(4) What does the author intend to say by telling the story in paragraph 5? A. The shift to clean energy is unstoppable. B. Conversations can influence climate decision-making. C. Policymakers turn a blind eye to market changes. D. We should call on people to prepare for the climate crisis.
阅读理解 普通