1.阅读理解

A study of 8 different experiments showed that our brains tend to prefer addition rather than subtraction when it comes to finding solutions—in many cases, it seems we just don't consider the strategy of taking something away at all.

The researchers found that this preference for adding was noticeable in three situations in particular: when people were under higher cognitive (认知的) load, when there was less time to consider the other options, and when volunteers didn't get a specific reminder that subtracting was an option. In one of the experiments, participants were asked to improve a Lego structure so that it was able to take more weight. Half the volunteers were reminded that they could take away bricks as well as add them, and half weren't. In the group that got the reminder, 61 percent solved the problem by taking away a brick—which was a much faster and more efficient way of making the structure stable. In the group that didn't get the reminder, only 41 percent went for the removing bricks approach.

"Additive ideas come to mind quickly and easily, but subtractive ideas require more cognitive effort," says psychologist Benjamin Converse, from the University of Virginia. "Because people are often moving fast and working with the first ideas that come to mind, they end up accepting additive solutions without considering subtraction at all."

The researchers have a few ideas about what might be going on. Our brains might find additive changes easier to process perhaps, or we might be associating adding with ideas of something that's bigger and therefore better in our subconscious. There might also be associations in our minds with the current status being something that needs to be maintained as much as possible—and taking something away is arguably more destructive to the current status than adding something new.

The researchers say their work is important in a much broader sense: for institutions looking to streamline (简化), for example, and even for the human race looking for ways to better manage the planet's resources.

(1) What does the underlined word "subtraction" in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Removal. B. Moderation. C. Refusal. D. Solution.
(2) In which situation do people prefer adding? A. When they are under high pressure. B. When they lack cognitive ability. C. When they are specially reminded. D. When they are hurried to decide.
(3) What were participants required to do in the experiment? A. Re-shape Lego bricks. B. Take Lego bricks away. C. Move the Lego structure. D. Stabilize the Lego structure.
(4) What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The ways to make additive changes. B. The effects of taking something away. C. The reasons for brains preferring addition. D. The importance of maintaining current status.
【考点】
推理判断题; 词义猜测题; 细节理解题; 段落大意; 科普环保类; 说明文;
【答案】

您现在未登录,无法查看试题答案与解析。 登录
阅读理解 常考题 普通
能力提升
真题演练
换一批
1. 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Bring It On:The Musical

Bitingly relevant and inspired by the hit film of the same name, Bring It On takes audiences on a high-flying journey that is filled with the complexities of friendship, forgiveness and self-definition.

Uniting some of the freshest and funniest creative minds on Broadway, Bring It On features an original story by Tony Award winner Jeff Whitty, music and lyrics by Tony Award-winning composer Lin-Manuel Miranda, and music supervision by Tony and Grammy Award winner Alex Lacamoire. The production is directed and staged by Tony Award winner Andy Blankenbuehler. It was proposed as a candidate for the Tony Award for Best Musical.

Campbell, the main character, is a cheer-leading star at Truman High School and her senior year should prove the most joyful — she's been named captain of the team! However, an unexpected redistricting has forced her to spend her final year of high school at the neighboring Jackson High School. Despite challenges, Campbell befriends the school's dance crew. Together with their headstrong and hardworking leader, Danielle, they form a powerful team for the ultimate competition — the National Championships.

The show's name alone will fill the seats, and audience's word of mouth will pack the house. With a colorful variety of characters and an exciting fresh sound, Bring It On is sure to be everything that you hoped for.

(1) Who wrote the story that Bring It On is based on? A. Lin-Manuel Miranda. B. Jeff Whitty C. Andy Blankenbuehler. D. Alex Lacamoire.
(2) What can we learn about The Musical Bring It On? A. Campbell met great difficulties at first in her new school. B. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical for its creativity. C. Campbell changed her school to be the captain of the team. D. It was adapted from a movie focusing on a complex journey.
(3) What is the text? A. A short story. B. An introduction to a theater. C. A film review. D. An advertisement of a play.
阅读理解 未知 普通
2.阅读理解

"By removing needless details in pursuit of perfection, Van Den followed in the footsteps of many great artists, writers, composers, and painters."

Juhani Murros made an unexpected discovery during his visits to art galleries when he worked for an organization in Ho Chi Minh City in 1990. A small still life in an unnoticeable gallery commanded the Finnish physician's attention. "It was not an eye-catching oil painting, yet its dark, mysterious colors and the emotional tension of its disciplined composition set it apart." Thus began a long journey of discovering the art and life of Van Den, a Buddhist of mixed Chinese and Vietnamese ancestry who studied in Paris for less than two years during the first French Indochina War.

Murros' biography is, by necessity, brief because there is limited knowledge of the artist, mostly in oral way by family and friends. Many of his paintings did not survive the damp Southeast Asian climate nor the political chaos of his lifetime. However, the author's research appears to be extensive, as much a years-long spiritual examination of Van Den as a historical one. The artist's love for country life is apparent in his work, and it is said by those who knew him that he preferred to paint countryside scenes close to his heart and worked as an outsider. He is uninterested in the more elegant work of academically recognized painters. Despite these limitations, Van Den won Vietnam's most honorable art award in 1960.

Murros gives an in-depth look into the life of this little-known unsung master. The book introduces the readers to Van Den's art with photographs of his paintings, accompanied by short stories behind them. The book is as quiet as the artist's work, but it is a satisfying read. Each stroke of words in the book connects to the readers; the narrative awakens the artistic spirit in each one of us, encouraging us to follow our heart.

(1)  What of Van Den first impressed Juhani Murros? A. His life story. B. His painting style. C. His birth place. D. His emotional stale.
(2) What can we learn about Van Den? A. His works are rarely available today. B. He showed great love for his country. C. He works were of mysterious themes. D. He ever travelled in China and Vietnam.
(3) Why is Murros' biography brief? A. Van Den's art wasn't well accepted. B. Murros had limited knowledge of art. C. Murros had gained little primary data. D. Van Den's family kept everything back.
(4) Which of the following can describe this book? A. Amusing. B. Detailed. C. Objective. D. Inspirational.
阅读理解 未知 普通
3.阅读理解

Proudly reading my words, I looked around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes and Miss Lancelot stone-faced. I slowly raised the report, hoping to hide myself and burning to find out "What could be causing everyone to act this way?"

Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.

When another classmate began his report, it all became clear, "My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution." How could I know that she meant that George Washington?

Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: no re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster's office with my grandfather and the headmaster informed me of his approval that I could skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!

(1) What did the author's classmates think about his report? A. Amusing. B. Moving. C. Controversial. D. Puzzling.
(2) What does the underlined word "burning" in Para. 1 probably mean? A. Ready. B. Annoyed. C. Eager. D. Ashamed.
(3) Why was the author confused about the task? A. The teacher's instruction was unclear. B. He knew little about American history. C. He was a new comer to the school. D. He followed the advice to flip a coin.
(4) Why did the author say "Justice is sweet"? A. He was allowed to redo the test. B. He was devoted to his studies. C. His efforts were recognized by school. D. The punishment was reasonable.
阅读理解 常考题 普通